Bark anatomy of Nothofagus species (Nothofagaceae) indigenous to the Andean–Patagonian forest, Argentina
M. A. Castro A D , N. M. Apóstolo B and A. A. De Magistris CA Laboratorio de Anatomía Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón II, Piso 4, Laboratorio 17, Ciudad Universitaria, Núñez (1428), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
B Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de Luján, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
C Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Lomas de Zamora, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
D Corresponding author. Email: mac@bg.fcen.uba.ar
Australian Journal of Botany 53(1) 69-79 https://doi.org/10.1071/BT03179
Submitted: 16 December 2003 Accepted: 11 August 2004 Published: 18 February 2005
Abstract
The bark structure of Nothofagus alpina (Poepp. et Endl.) Oerst., N. antarctica (G.Forster) Oerst. N. obliqua (Mirbel) Oerst., N. pumilio (Poepp. et Endl.) Krasser, N. betuloides (Mirbel) Oerst. and N. dombeyi (Mirbel) Oerst, native species from the Andean–Patagonian forests (Argentina), is described. Barks of the Nothofagus species are greyish to dark brown and have deep fissures, except that of N. obliqua. Non-collapsed secondary phloem has abundant sieve elements with scalariform compound sieve plates in oblique end walls, and with rounded to polygonal sieve areas in tangential walls. Axial parenchyma in secondary phloem is diffuse and/or arranged in discontinuous uni–triseriate tangential lines and bands. Crystalliferous axial parenchyma is present adjacent to sclerenchyma. Rays are usually homocellular, exclusively uniseriate in N. dombeyi to bi–triseriate in the other species. Fibres in secondary phloem are arranged in clusters, tangential lines and bands. Combined fibre and sclereid clusters are present in N. betuloides. Persistent rhytidomes usually include a variable proportion of bark. The present study helps to confirm the taxonomic placement of Nothofagaceae as a distinct family from Fagaceae, and supports the infrageneric classification of Nothofagus proposed by different authors.
Acknowledgments
We are very grateful to National Parks Administration of Argentina for its assistance and the financial support of Buenos Aires University (Ubacyt X-670).
Boodle LA
(1916) A method of macerating fibres. Bulletin Miscellaneous Information Kew 4, 108–110.
Cheadle VJ,
Gifford EM, Esau K
(1953) A staining combination for phloem an contiguous tissues. Stain Technology 28, 49–53.
| PubMed |
Furuno T
(1990) Bark structure of deciduous broad-leaved trees grown in the San’in region, Japan. IAWA Bulletin 11, 239–254.
Hill RS, Read J
(1991) A revised infrageneric classification of Nothofagus (Fagaceae). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 105, 37–72.
Hill RS, Jordan GJ
(1993) The evolutionary history of Nothofagus (Nothofagaceae). Australian Systematic Botany 6, 111–126.
Jones JH
(1986) Evolution of the Fagaceae: the implications of foliar features. Annals of the Misssouri Botanical Garden 73, 228–275.
Junikka L
(1994) Survey of English macroscopic bark terminology. IAWA Journal 15, 3–45.
Lotova LI, Timonin AK
(1996) Bark anatomy of the Fagaceae and its taxonomic significance. Botanicheskii Zhurnal 81, 60–74.
Manos PS
(1997) Systematics of Nothofagus (Nothofagaceae) based on rDNA spacer sequences (ITS): taxonomic congruence with morphology and plastid sequences. American Journal of Botany 84, 1137–1155.
Marchelli P,
Gallo L,
Scholz F, Ziegenhagen B
(1998) Chloroplast DNA markers reveal a geographical divide across Argentinian southern Beech Nothofagus nervosa (Phil.) Dim. et Mil. distribution area. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 97, 642–646.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Martin PG, Dowd JM
(1993) Using sequences of rbcL to study phylogeny and biogeography of Nothofagus species. Australian Systematic Botany 6, 441–447.
Patel RN, Shand JE
(1985) Bark anatomy of Nothofagus species indigenous to New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Botany 23, 511–532.
Picca PI
(1998) Estudio exomorfológico y anatómico de las inflorescencias de las especies austroamericanas del género Nothofagus Bl. (Fagaceae). PhD Thesis.
(Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires:
Buenos Aires, Argentina)
Premoli, AC (1994). Genetic, morphological and ecophysiological variation in geographically restricted and widespread species of Nothofagus from southern South America. PhD Thesis (University of Colorado: USA)
Puntieri JG,
Brion CAM,
Barthélémy D, Souza MS
(2001) Variaciones en el tamaño y la composición de las yemas de Nothofagus pumilio y N. dombeyi.
Darwiniana 39, 1–10.
Richter, HG (1981). ‘Die Anatomie des sekundärien Xylems un der Rinde der Lauraceae.’ Sonderbander Naturwiss. Vereins Hamburg 5. (Paul Parey Verlag: Hamburg, Berlin)
Rivera SM
(1988) Revisión xilológica del genero Nothofagus Bl. (Fagaceae) para la Argentina. Simposio sobre Nothofagus. Monografías de la Academia Nacional de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicas y Naturales (Buenos Aires) 4, 73–84.
Rupp P
(1964) Polyglycol als Einsbettungmedium zum Schneiden botanischer Praparate. Mikrokosmos 53, 123–128.
Setoguchi H,
Ono M,
Doy Y,
Koyama H, Tsuda M
(1997) Molecular phylogeny of Nothofagus (Nothofagaceae) based on the atpB–rbcL intergenic spacer of the chloroplast DNA. Journal of Plant Research 110, 469–484.
Spurr AR
(1969) A low-viscosity epoxy resin embedding medium for electron microscopy. Journal of Ultrastructure Research 26, 31–43.
| Crossref |
PubMed |
Tortorelli, LA (1956).
Trockenbrodt M
(1990) Survey and discussion of the terminology used in bark anatomy. IAWA Bulletin 11, 141–166.
Trockenbrodt M
(1991) Qualitative structural changes during bark development in Quercus robur, Ulmus glabra, Populus tremula and Betula pendula.
IAWA Bulletin 12, 5–22.
Zahur, MS (1959). Comparative study of secondary phloem of 423 species of woody dicotyledons belonging to 83 families. (Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station memoir 358.
Zavada MS, Dilcher DL
(1986) Comparative pollen morphology and its relationships to phylogeny of pollen in the Hamamelidae. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 73, 348–381.
