The development of a PCR-based marker for PSY1 from Hordeum chilense, a candidate gene for carotenoid content accumulation in tritordeum seeds
S. G. Atienza A C , C. M. Avila B and A. Martín AA I.A.S - C.S.I.C., Departamento de Mejora Genética, Apdo. 4084, E-14080 Córdoba, Spain.
B Departamento de Genética, ETSIAM-UCO, Edificio Mendel (C5), Campus de Rabanales, E-14071 Córdoba, Spain.
C Corresponding author. Email: es2atpes@uco.es
Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 58(8) 767-773 https://doi.org/10.1071/AR06338
Submitted: 23 October 2006 Accepted: 1 May 2007 Published: 30 August 2007
Abstract
Hexaploid tritordeums are the amphiploids derived from the cross between the wild barley Hordeum chilense and durum wheat. Tritordeums are characterised by higher yellow pigment content in their seeds than their durum wheat progenitors due to certain H. chilense genes located on the α arm of chromosome 7Hch.
In this work a candidate gene approach based on the phytoene synthase gene (PSY) was followed to investigate whether PSY1 may be responsible for the high carotenoid content in tritordeum and to develop a diagnostic marker for H. chilense PSY. This gene codes for the first step in the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway.
It was first demonstrated that PSY is duplicated in H. chilense, Triticum urartu, and durum wheat (PSY1 and PSY2), and subsequently a diagnostic cleaved amplified polymorphism (CAP) marker able to differentiate between H. chilense and durum wheat PSY1 was developed.
Using this CAP marker and a set of H. chilense-common wheat addition lines it was found that PSY1 is located on the α arm of chromosome 7Hch, where the gene(s) for yellow pigment content are located. PSY1 is located on chromosomes 7A and 7B of durum wheat as demonstrated using Langdon substitution lines. Furthermore, synteny between rice and wheat indicates that PSY1 should be located on the long arms of chromosomes 7A and 7B, in agreement with QTL data for yellow pigment content.
Together, these results suggest that PSY1 may be a good candidate gene for further work with yellow pigment content in both durum wheat and tritordeum. In addition, the diagnostic CAP marker developed will be used in our breeding program to transfer H. chilense genes to durum wheat, to evaluate their potential for durum wheat improvement.
Additional keywords: phytoene synthase, yellow pigment.
Acknowledgments
We thank Dr P. Lazzeri for the critical review of this manuscript. S. G. Atienza and C. M. Avila acknowledge financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science (‘Ramón y Cajal’ and ‘Juan de la Cierva’ programs, respectively). The present work was performed with financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science project AGL2005–01381 and FEDER.
Alvarez JB,
Martin LM, Martin A
(1998) Chromosomal localization of genes for carotenoid pigments using addition lines of Hordeum chilense in wheat. Plant Breeding 117, 287–289.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Alvarez JB,
Martin LM, Martin A
(1999) Genetic variation for carotenoid pigment content in the amphiploid Hordeum chilense × Triticum turgidum conv. durum. Plant Breeding 118, 187–189.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Atienza SG,
Avila CM,
Ramirez MC, Martin A
(2005) Application of near infrared reflectance spectroscopy to the determination of carotenoid content in tritordeum for breeding purposes. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 56, 85–89.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Atienza SG,
Ballesteros J,
Martín A, Hornero-Méndez D
(2007) Genetic variability of carotenoid concentration and degree of esterification among tritordeum (× Tritordeum Ascherson et Graebner) and durum wheat accessions. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 55, 4244–4251.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | PubMed |
Atienza SG,
Ramírez MC,
Hernández P, Martin A
(2004) Chromosomal location of genes for carotenoid content in Hordeum chilense. Plant Breeding 123, 303–304.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Buckner B,
San Miguel P,
Janick-Buckner D, Bennetzen JL
(1996) The y1 gene of maize codes for phytoene synthase. Genetics 143, 479–488.
| PubMed |
Cenci A,
Somma S,
Chantret N,
Dubcovsky J, Blanco A
(2004) PCR identification of durum wheat BAC clones containing genes coding for carotenoid biosynthesis enzymes and their chromosome localization. Genome 47, 911–917.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | PubMed |
Cunningham FX, Gantt E
(1998) Genes and enzymes of carotenoid biosynthesis in plants. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology 49, 557–583.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | PubMed |
Dvorak J,
McGuire PE, Cassidy B
(1988) Apparent sources of the A genomes of wheats inferred from polymorphism in abundance and restriction fragment length of repeated nucleotide sequences. Genome 30, 680–689.
Elouafi I,
Nachit MM, Martin LM
(2001) Identification of a microsatellite on chromosome 7B showing a strong linkage with yellow pigment in durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum). Hereditas 135, 255–261.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | PubMed |
Fraser PD, Bramley PM
(2004) The biosynthesis and nutritional uses of carotenoids. Progress in Lipid Research 43, 228–265.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | PubMed |
Fraser PD,
Romer S,
Shipton CA,
Mills PB,
Kiano JW,
Misawa N,
Drake RG,
Schuch W, Bramley PM
(2002) Evaluation of transgenic tomato plants expressing an additional phytoene synthase in a fruit-specific manner. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 99, 1092–1097.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | PubMed |
Fraser PD,
Truesdale MR,
Bird CR,
Schuch W, Bramley PM
(1994) Carotenoid biosynthesis during tomato fruit development (evidence for tissue-specific gene expression). Plant Physiology 105, 405–413.
| PubMed |
Gallagher CE,
Matthews PD,
Li F, Wurtzel ET
(2004) Gene duplication in the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway preceded evolution of the grasses. Plant Physiology 135, 1776–1783.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | PubMed |
Hirschberg J
(2001) Carotenoid biosynthesis in flowering plants. Current Opinion in Plant Biology 4, 210–218.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | PubMed |
Joppa LR, Williams ND
(1988) Langdon durum disomic substitution lines and aneuploid analysis in tetraploid wheat. Genome 30, 222–228.
Knott DR
(1968) Translocations involving Triticum chromosomes and Agropyron chromosomes carrying rust resistance. Canadian Journal of Genetics and Cytology 10, 695–696.
La Rota M, Sorrells ME
(2004) Comparative DNA sequence analysis of mapped wheat ESTs reveals the complexity of genome relationships between rice and wheat. Functional & Integrative Genomics 4, 34–46.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | PubMed |
Lazo GR,
Chao S,
Hummel DD,
Edwards H, Crossman CC
(2004) Development of an Expressed Sequence Tag (EST) resource for wheat (Triticum aestivum L.): EST generation, unigene analysis, probe selection and bioinformatics for a 16 000-locus bin-delineated map. Genetics 168, 585–593.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | PubMed |
Liu CY,
Shepherd KW, Rathjen AJ
(1996) Improvement of durum wheat pastamaking and breadmaking qualities. Cereal Chemistry 73, 155–166.
Mares DJ, Campbell AW
(2001) Mapping components of flour colour in Australian wheat. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 52, 1297–1309.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Martín A,
Alvarez JB,
Martin LM,
Barro F, Ballesteros J
(1999) The development of tritordeum: a novel cereal for food processing. Journal of Cereal Science 30, 85–95.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Martín A, Sánchez-Monge Laguna E
(1982) Cytology and morphology of the amphiploid Hordeum chilense × Triticum turgidum conv. durum. Euphytica 31, 261–267.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Miller TE,
Reader SM, Ainsworth CC
(1985) A chromosome of Hordeum chilense homoeologous to group-7 of wheat. Canadian Journal of Genetics and Cytology 27, 101–104.
Murray YHG, Thompson WF
(1980) Rapid isolation of high molecular weight plant DNA. Nucleic Acids Research 8, 4321–4326.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | PubMed |
Paine JA,
Shipton CA,
Chaggar S,
Howells RM, Kennedy MJ
(2005) Improving the nutritional value of Golden Rice through increased pro-vitamin A content. Nature Biotechnology 23, 482–487.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | PubMed |
Palaisa KA,
Morgante M,
Williams M, Rafalski A
(2003) Contrasting effects of selection on sequence diversity and linkage disequilibrium at two phytoene synthase loci. The Plant Cell 15, 1795–1806.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | PubMed |
Parker GD,
Chalmers KJ,
Rathjen AJ, Langridge P
(1998) Mapping loci associated with flour colour in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Theoretical and Applied Genetics 97, 238–245.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Sorrells ME,
La Rota M,
Bermudez-Kandianis CE,
Greene RA, Kantety R
(2003) Comparative DNA sequence analysis of wheat and rice genomes. Genome Research 13, 1818–1827.
| PubMed |
Troccoli A,
Borrelli GM,
De Vita P,
Fares C, Di Fonzo N
(2000) Durum wheat quality: a multidisciplinary concept. Journal of Cereal Science 32, 99–113.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Zhang WJ,
Lukaszewski AJ,
Kolmer J,
Soria MA,
Goyal S, Dubcovsky J
(2005) Molecular characterization of durum and common wheat recombinant lines carrying leaf rust resistance (Lr19) and yellow pigment (Y) genes from Lophopyrum ponticum. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 111, 573–582.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | PubMed |
