Tulbaghia violacea L. II: In vivo antifungal properties towards plant pathogens
Leeto Nteso A and Johan C. Pretorius A BA Department of Soil, Crop and Climate Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein, South Africa.
B Corresponding author. Email: pretorJC.sci@mail.uovs.ac.za
Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 57(5) 517-523 https://doi.org/10.1071/AR05320
Submitted: 13 September 2005 Accepted: 6 January 2006 Published: 17 May 2006
Abstract
In vitro antifungal activity of crude extracts from Tulbaghia violacea against 6 economically important plant pathogenic fungi was previously reported. The in vivo control of Mycosphaerella pinodes, causative of Ascochyta blight, by different concentrations of a crude aerial part extract of T. violacea was subsequently followed qualitatively and quantitatively in terms of lesions that developed over a 6-day period at 20°C on detached pea (Pisum sativum) leaves. Infection by M. pinodes spores was prevented when the extract was applied both before and after inoculation, confirming complete inhibition of spore germination, whereas no phytotoxic effect was observed on the leaves. Additionally, the control of sorghum covered (Sporisorium sorghi) and loose (S. cruentum) kernel smuts by seed treatment with the crude extract was tested under field conditions. Before planting, different sorghum seed lots were inoculated separately with spores from the 2 pathogens at a rate of 0.5% per kg (w/w), followed by treatment with the crude extract, at a concentration of 2.0 mg/mL, 24 h later. A standard fungicide, Thiram (65 W), was applied as a positive control at a rate of 0.25% per kg (v/w). Disease incidence was quantified during harvest and expressed as percentage infected plants. Seed treatment with the extract significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the incidence of both sorghum loose and covered smut diseases, compared favourably with the standard fungicide, and resulted in significant yield increases compared to the untreated control.
Additional keywords: Tulbaghia violacea, crude extract, in vivo disease control, Ascochyta blight, sorghum smuts, phytotoxicity.
Acknowledgment
We are grateful to Charlotte Maree, Department of Soil, Crop and Climate Sciences, for her laboratory technical assistance.
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