Establishment and characterisation of wheat genetic mapping populations

Abstract

Doubled haploid populations from 5 carefully selected wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crosses were established in order to produce genetic maps. The characterisation of the parental material included pedigree analyses to define the extent of the genetic relationships among the lines and to determine the occurrence of alien chromosome segments that may contribute to segregation distortion. The characterisation of the parents also defined the range of grain quality traits that could be examined in the lines derived from each cross. Populations of up to 321 lines were produced using wide cross-mediated doubled haploid production from F₁ plants. Assessment of the lines for heterogeneity was carried out using readily identifiable phenotypic markers and electrophoresis of seed storage proteins, with 2.3–11.6% of the lines being removed from further analysis. Segregation distortion was estimated in several populations where sufficient information from genetic markers was available. In a Sunco/Tasman doubled haploid population, heterogeneity was detected between the first 51 lines and the remainder of the mapping population and this could be traced to F₁ plants that were produced from an earlier set of crosses. χ² tests on the mapping data available for the Cranbrook/Halberd, CD87/Katepwa, and Sunco/Tasman doubled haploid populations revealed segregation distortion at rates of 1.8%, 5.1%, and 12.5% respectively. Whereas the wide-cross doubled haploid protocol does not appear responsible for the bulk of the non-Mendelian segregation observed, several potential sources were identified. In particular, clustering of distorted loci at specific chromosome regions appeared to be associated with the presence of alien introgressions in one of the parents. This was especially marked in the Sunco/Tasman population. Providing such distortions are recognised in the models used, these populations provide powerful tools for extensive mapping studies to determine the genetic factors controlling grain quality traits and other wheat characters of interest.