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Food, fibre and pharmaceuticals from animals
REVIEW (Open Access)

Role of plant bioactive compounds in improving ruminant resilience to heat stress challenge

Farhad Ahmadi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8760-053X A * , Hafiz A. R. Suleria A and Frank R. Dunshea A B
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations

A School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia.

B Faculty of Biological Sciences, The University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.

* Correspondence to: Farhad.ahmadi@unimelb.edu.au

Handling Editor: Wayne Bryden

Animal Production Science 65, AN23386 https://doi.org/10.1071/AN23386
Submitted: 24 November 2023  Accepted: 17 February 2025  Published: 31 March 2025

© 2025 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND)

Abstract

This review presents the reader with a comprehensive overview of the impact of phytogenic compounds on the productivity and health of lactating cows and growing ruminants, including calves and sheep, during heat stress challenge. Exposure to heat stress may result in reduced feed intake, compromised immune function, oxidative stress and productivity losses. The positive impacts of phytogenic compounds on the health and productivity of farm animals is well established, and recent evidence suggests that they may serve as an effective nutritional strategy to mitigate the adverse effects of heat stress on animals. More information is available on lactating cows than calves, particularly during the pre-weaning period. Although their specific mode of action is not clearly understood, some phytogenic compounds stimulate feed consumption in animals experiencing heat stress, which is associated with improved productivity (milk production or growth) compared with non-supplemented animals. Phytogenics may also play a role in improving immune and endocrine function, and alleviate hyperthermia-induced oxidative stress. Certain phytogenics (e.g. capsaicin) may regulate body temperature by expanding the blood vessels in the skin and facilitating heat exchange in heat-loaded animals. Phytogenic compounds may play a regulatory role in insulin secretion and sensitivity, promoting energy partitioning for productive purposes and increasing the resilience of animals to heat stress challenges. Still, it is a largely unexplored research area. Additional research is required at varying degrees of heat stress intensity and duration to confirm the potential effects of phytogenic compounds and expand upon these encouraging findings.

Keywords: botanical, endocrine function, inflammation, oxidative stress, phytonutrients, plant secondary metabolites, thermal stress, thermoregulation.

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