Growth rate of male Bali cattle (Bos javanicus) fed leucaena and rice straw diets with increasing levels of cassava

Dahlanuddin; L. A. Kariyani; T. S. Panjaitan; R. A. Putra; K. J. Harper; D. P. Poppi

doi:10.1071/AN24070

RESEARCH ARTICLE (Open Access)

Previous Contents Vol 64(13)

Growth rate of male Bali cattle (Bos javanicus) fed leucaena and rice straw diets with increasing levels of cassava

Dahlanuddin ^A , L. A. Kariyani ^B , T. S. Panjaitan ^C , R. A. Putra ^A , K. J. Harper

^D ^* and D. P. Poppi ^E

+ Author Affiliations

- Author Affiliations

^A Faculty of Animal Science, University of Mataram, Lombok, Indonesia.

^B Postgraduate Study Program, University of Mataram, Lombok, Nusa Tenggara Barat, Indonesia.

^C Research Centre for Animal Husbandry, Indonesian National Research, and Innovation Agency, Jakarta Pusat 10340, Indonesia.

^D School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Qld 4702, Australia.

^E School of Agriculture and Food Sustainability, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Qld 4343, Australia.

^* Correspondence to: k.harper@cqu.edu.au

Handling Editor: Dean Thomas

Animal Production Science 64, AN24070 https://doi.org/10.1071/AN24070

Submitted: 5 March 2024 Accepted: 22 July 2024 Published: 15 August 2024

© 2024 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND)

Abstract

Context

The planting and use of leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala) to fatten cattle is both practical and profitable for smallholder farmers in West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Currently smallholder farmers feed leucaena as the primary component of a cattle fattening diet. However, the high protein content in leucaena could be more effectively used if combined with a fermentable energy source, such as cassava (Manihot utilissima).

Aim

An experiment was conducted to determine the ratio of leucaena to cassava corresponding to largest average daily gain and most efficient feed conversion for gain.

Methods

Thirty growing male Bali cattle (Bos javanicus) ~18 months of age with an initial live weight of 164 ± 1.8 kg (mean ± s.e.) were allocated to one of six experimental treatments in a randomised block design. Bulls were held in individual stalls and had access to experimental diets and water ad libitum. The diets were 20% rice straw + 80% leucaena hay (A), 20% rice straw + 65% leucaena hay + 15% cassava meal (B), 20% rice straw + 50% leucaena hay + 30% cassava meal (C), 20% rice straw + 35% leucaena hay + 45% cassava meal (D), 20% rice straw + 20% leucaena hay + 60% cassava meal (E) and 20% rice straw + 5% leucaena hay + 75% cassava meal (F). A mineral mix was provided at 1% DM of total diet and urea was added to the cassava meal at 2% DM. In consideration of animal welfare concerns, the trial was concluded on Day 77 due to observations indicating that bulls receiving the highest level of cassava (F) were experiencing significant weight loss.

Key results

The optimum level of inclusion of cassava was 29.5% (based on the quadratic response curve) but there was little difference in average daily gain up to 45% inclusion. Feeding a high level of cassava meal (more than 45% of diet) reduced feed intake, average daily gain and income over feed cost.

Conclusion

Cassava meal can be successfully and profitably incorporated into leucaena-based rations of Bali bulls for fattening.

Implications

Formulating rations with cassava meal and leucaena can be economically beneficial in cattle fattening systems.

Keywords: adoption of technology, agricultural innovations, animal nutrition, cattle, cattle feeding, cattle growth, nutrition.

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