Free Standard AU & NZ Shipping For All Book Orders Over $80!
Register      Login
Animal Production Science Animal Production Science Society
Food, fibre and pharmaceuticals from animals
Shopping Cart: ( empty )
You are here: Home > Journals > AN > AN22253
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Contents Vol 63(15)

Nutrient intake, body weight changes, digestibility and nitrogen utilisation of West African dwarf goats fed Pleurotus tuber-regium treated cassava root sievate based diets

P. C. Jiwuba https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9647-3480 A * , L. C. Jiwuba B , K. Ikwunze A , R. C. Akazue C , U. Okah A and F. O. Ahamefule A
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations

A College of Animal Science and Production, Department of Animal Production and Livestock Management, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 7267, Umudike, Nigeria.

B Biotechnology Programme, National Root Crop Research Institute, P.M.B. 7006, Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria.

C Department of Animal Production Technology, Federal College of Agriculture, P.M.B. 7008, Ishiagu, Ebonyi State, Nigeria.

* Correspondence to: jiwubapc@gmail.com

Handling Editor: Karen Harper

Animal Production Science 63(15) 1534-1544 https://doi.org/10.1071/AN22253
Submitted: 12 April 2022  Accepted: 23 June 2023   Published: 13 July 2023

© 2023 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing

Abstract

Context

Biodegradation of agricultural wastes by enzyme from microorganisms, especially white rot fungi has been promising in degrading structural carbohydrates or structurally modifying proteins and their anti-nutritional properties thereby producing high quality products.

Aims

To evaluate the nutrient intake, body weight changes, digestibility and nitrogen utilisation of West African dwarf goats (WADG) fed Pleurotus tuber-regium treated cassava root sievate (PTRCRS) based diets.

Methods

The experimental diets were formulated such that PTRCRS was included in the different diets at 0, 20, 40 and 60% inclusion levels. Thirty-two WADG between six and eight months old averaging 5.26 kg in weight were randomly divided into four groups of eight goats each. The groups were randomly assigned to four experimental diets {T1 (0%), T2 (20%), T3 (40%) and T4 (60%)} in a completely randomized design. Each animal received a designated treatment diet in the morning (08:00 h) for 90 days. Feed offered was based on 3.5% body weight per day in addition to 1 kg wilted chopped Panicum maximum which was fed at 16:00 h. Fresh drinkable water was provided ad libitum.

Key results

There were significant (P < 0.05) differences for dry matter intake (DMI), DMI as percentage of body weight (% BW), crude protein (CP), organic matter (OM), neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF) intakes. Daily weight gain was significantly (P < 0.05) improved in T3 and T4. Feed conversion ratio decreased (P < 0.05) with increasing levels of PTRCRS. Dry matter, CP, crude fibre, NDF and ADF were better (P < 0.05) digested in T4. Nitrogen intake was higher (P < 0.05) in T4 (19.62 g/day) and lowest in T1 (12.39 g/day). Nitrogen balance, nitrogen retention and nitrogen absorbed were significantly (P < 0.05) higher for T4 goats.

Conclusion

Incorporation of PTRCRS in WAD goat diets generally enhanced intakes, body weight gain, nutrient digestibility and nitrogen utilisation.

Implications

The treatment of cassava root sievate, which is in abundance and hitherto without any known economic value other than causing environmental nuisance with PTR, could solve the challenges of feed scarcity which has been a major factor in ruminant production. The feeding of WAD goats with PTRCRS generally enhance their performances.

Keywords: agro by-product, biodegradation, cassava root sievate, dry season supplementation, nitrogen balance, nutrient intake, solid-state fermentation, WAD goats.

References

Ahamefule FO (2005) Evaluation of Pigeon Pea cassava peel based diet for goat production in South-Eastern Nigeria. PhD thesis, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria.

Ahamefule FO, Elendu C (2010) Intake and digestibility of West African Dwarf bucks fed cassava leaf-maize offal based diets. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances 9(3), 535-539.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Ahamefule FO, Udo MD (2010) Performance of West African dwarf goats fed raw or processed pigeon pea (Cajanu cajan) seed meal based diets. Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 37(2), 227-236.
| Google Scholar |

Akindahunsi AA, Oyetayo FL (2006) Nutrient and antinutrient distribution of edible mushroom, Pleurotus tuber-regium (fries) singer. LWT 39(5), 548-553.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Akinfemi A, Ogunwole OA (2012) Chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of rice straw treated with Pleurotus ostreatus, Pleurotus pulmonarius and Pleurotus tuber-regium. Slovak Journal of Animal Science 45(1), 14-20.
| Google Scholar |

Akinfemi A, Babayemi OA, Jonathan SG (2009) Bioconversion of maize husk into value added ruminant feed by using white-rot fungus. Revista UDO Agrícola 9(4), 972-978.
| Google Scholar |

Akinfemi A, Adu OA, Doherty F (2010) Conversion of sorghum stover into animal feed with white-rot fungi: Pleurotus ostreatus and Pleurotus pulmonarius. African Journal of Biotechnology 9(11), 1706-1712.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Akinsoyinu AO (1985) Nutrient requirement of sheep and goats in Nigeria. In ‘Small ruminant production in Nigeria’. (Eds IF Adu, BBA Taiwo, OA Osinowo, WS Alhassan) pp 141–148. (NAPRI: Zaria, Nigeria)

AOAC (2000) ‘Association of Official Analytical Chemists: Official Methods of Analysis.’ 6th edn. (AOAC: Washington, DC, USA)

ARC (1980) ‘The nutrient requirements of ruminant livestock.’ Agricultural Research Council, UK. (CABI: Farnham Royal, UK)

Arora DS, Chander M, Gill PK (2002) Involvement of lignin peroxidase, manganese peroxidase and laccase in degradation and selective ligninolysis of wheat straw. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation 50, 115-120.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Barde RE, Attah S, Wuanor A, Okpanachi U (2015) Weight gain and cost benefit of west african dwarf goats fed Pleurotus tuber-regium biotreated cassava (Manihot esculenta) Peels Based Diets. American Journal of Experimental Agriculture 9(3), 1-8.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Broerse JEW, Visser B (1996) Assessing the potential. In ‘Biotechnology: building on farmers’ knowledge.’ (Eds Jeske Bunders, Bertus Haverkort, Wim Hiemstra) pp. 131–180. (Macmillan Education Ltd: London, UK)

Devendra C, Mcleroy GB (1982) ‘Goat and sheep production in the tropics.’ (Ed. WJA Payne) (Longman: London and New York)

Duncan DB (1955) Multiple range test and multiple F-test. Biometrics 11, 1-42.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

El-Shafic MH, Mahrous AA, Abdel Khalek TM (2007) Effect of biological treatment of wheat straw on performance of small ruminant. Egyptian Journal of Nutrition and Feeds 10, 635-648.
| Google Scholar |

Eriksson K, Blanchette RA, Ander P (1990) ‘Microbial and enzymatic degradation of wood and wood components.’ (Springer: Berlin, Heidelberg, New York)

Fasae OA, Alokan JA, Onibi GE (2005) Feed intake and digestibility in Yankasa sheep fed diets containing various levels of Leucaena leucocephala leaf residues. Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 32(1), 88-93.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Fazaeli H, Jelan ZA, Azizi A, Rouzbehan Y, Mirhady SA, Liang JB (2002) Biodegradation of wheat straw by Pleurotus fungi: the growth rate on untreated and urea treated wheat straw. Malaysian Journal of Animal Science 7(2), 39-49.
| Google Scholar |

Fazaeli H, Azizi A, Amile M (2006) Nutritive value index of treated wheat straw with Pleurotus fungi fed to sheep. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 9(13), 2444-2449.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Hamchara P, Chanjula P, Cherdthong A, Wanapat M (2018) Digestibility, ruminal fermentation, and nitrogen balance with various feeding levels of oil palm fronds treated with Lentinus sajor-caju in goats. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences 31(10), 1619-1626.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Howard RL, Abotsi E, Jansen EL, Howard S (2003) Lignocellulose biotechnology: Issues of bioconversion and enzyme production. African Journal of Biotechnology 2, 602-619.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Jiwuba PC, Ezenwaka LC (2016) Growth performance and apparent nutrient digestibility of West African dwarf goats fed β-carotene cassava peel-centrosema leaf meal based diets. International Journal of Case Studies 5(8), 204-210.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Jiwuba PC, Udemba FO (2019) Productive and physiological characteristics of West African dwarf goats fed cassava root sievate-cassava leaf meal based diet. Acta fytotechn zootechn 22(3), 64-70.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Jiwuba PC, Ahamefule FO, Ogbuewu IP, Ikwunze K (2017) Blood chemistry and haematology of West African Dwarf goats fed Moringa oleifera leaf meal (MOLM) in their diets. Comparative Clinical Pathology 26, 621-624.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Jiwuba PC, Assam EM, Eka EC (2018) The effects of different levels of fufu sievate meal on the blood chemistry and haematological characteristics of WAD goats. Sustainability, Agri, Food and Environmental Research 6(1), 1-10.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Jonathan SG, Okorie AN, Babayemi OJ, Oyelakin AO, Akinfemi A (2012) Biodegradation of agricultural wastes (rice straw and sorghum stalk) into substrates of utilizable products using white rot fungus (Pleurotus florida). Nature and Science 10(9), 131-137.
| Google Scholar |

Kayouli C, Demeyer DI, Accacha M (1993) Evaluation of poultry litter and olive cakes as alternative feed for ruminant production in Tunisia. In ‘Proceedings of the International Conference in Increasing Livestock Production through Utilization of Local Resources’, 18-22 October 1993, Beijing, China. (Ed. G Tingshuang) pp. 420–440.

Kearl LC (1982) ‘Nutrient requirements of ruminants in developing countries.’ (Utah Agriculture Experimental Station, Utah State University, International Feedstuffs Institute, Logan, Utah, USA)

Khan MA, Mahr-un-nisa M, Sarwar M (2003) Techniques measuring digestibility for the nutritional evaluation of feeds. International Journal of Agriculture & Biology 5, 132-141.
| Google Scholar |

Lalman D (2012) Nutritive value of feeds for beef cattle. Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Fact Sheets, Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service.

Liu Y, Baidoo SK (1997) Exogenous enzymes for pig diets: an overview. In ‘Enzymes in poultry and swine nutrition’. (Eds R Marquardt, Z Han) pp. 115–125 (International Development Research Centre: Ottawa, ON, Canada)

Mertens DR (1977) Dietary fiber components: relationship to the rate and extent of ruminal digestion. Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 36, 187-192.
| Google Scholar |

Mpairwe DR, Sabiti EN, Umana NN, Tegegne A, Osuji P (2003) Integration of forage legumes with cereal crops. I. Effects of supplementation with graded levels of lablab hay on voluntary food intake, digestibility, milk yield and milk composition of crossbred cows fed maize–lablab stover or oats–vetch hay ad libitum. Livestock Production Science 79, 193-212.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Nehring K, Haelien GFW (1973) Feed evaluation and ration calculation based on net energyFAT. Journal of Animal Science 36(5), 949-964.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Ngiki YU, Igwebuike JU, Moruppa SM (2014) Utilisation of cassava products for poultry feeding: a review. International Journal of Science & Technoledge 2(6), 48-59.
| Google Scholar |

Norton BWB, Lowry C, Sweeney MC (1994) The nutritive value of Leucaena species. In ‘Paper presented at Int’l. Workshop on Leucaena’, 20–29 January 1994, R.D. Bogor, Indonesia.

Novotny Č, Svobodová K, Erbanová P, Cajthaml T, Kasinath A, Lang E, Šašek V (2004) Ligninolytic fungi in bioremediation: extracellular enzyme production and degradation rate. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 36, 1545-1551.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Nuru S (1985) Trends in small ruminant production in Nigeria. In ‘Proceedings of national conference on small ruminant production’, 6–10 October 1985, Zaria, Nigeria. (pp. 36–48) (NAPRI: Shika, Nigeria)

Oboh G, Akindahunsi AA, Oshodi AA (2002) Nutrient and anti-nutrient content of Aspergillus niger – fermented cassava products (flour and gari). Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 15(5), 617-622.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Ochepo GO (2016) Influence of white rot fungi degradation on the nutritional value of cassava peel. International Journal of Current Research 8(6), 33090-33093.
| Google Scholar |

Odoemelam VU, Ahiw EU, Ekwe CC, Obikaonu HO, Obi JI (2015) Dry matter intake, nutrient digestibility and nitrogen balance of West African dwarf (WAD) bucks fed Panicum maximum supplemented concentrate containing bambara nut (Vigna subterranea) meal. Nigerian Journal of Agriculture, Food and Environment 11(2), 59-65.
| Google Scholar |

Oei P (2003) ‘Mushroom cultivation: appropriate technology for mushroom growers.’ (Backhugs Publishers: Leiden, The Netherlands)

Ojebiyi OO, Oladunjoye IO, Eso IR (2010) The grain replacement value of sun dried cassava (Manihot esculenta crantz) leaf + peel meal with or without DL-methionine supplementation on performance of rabbit bucks in the derived savannah zone of Nigeria. Agricultura Tropica et Subtropica 43(4), 291-299.
| Google Scholar |

Okah U, Ebuzor CA, Ikwunze K, Osuagwu SG (2019) Nutrient intake and digestibility of graded dietary levels of dried cassava peel meal as replacement for maize offal fed to goats. Nigerian Journal of Animal Science 21(2), 175-185.
| Google Scholar |

Okeniyi FA, Aina ABJ, Onwuka CFI, Sowande SO (2010) Nutrient digestibility of urea maize stover-based diets as dry season feed in West African dwarf goats. ln ‘Proceeding of the 15th Conference Animal Science Association of Nigeria’, Univ. of Uyo, Nigeria, pp. 663–665.

Okhuoya JA, Okogbo FO (1990) Induction of edible sclerotia of Pleurotus tuberregium (Fr.) Sing. in the Laboratory. Annals of Applied Biology 117, 295-298.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Okoruwa MI, Adewumi MK, Njidda AA (2013) Nutrient utilization and growth performance of West African Dwarf goats fed with elephant grass or different proportions of plantain and mango peels. World Journal of Agricultural Sciences 1(6), 194-202.
| Google Scholar |

Olafadehan OA (2011) Haematological parameters, serum constituents and organ development of growing rabbits as affected by feeding of processed cassava peel. Animal Nutrition and Feed Technology 11, 41-51.
| Google Scholar |

Olafadehan OA, Olafadehan OO, Obun CO, Yusuf AM, Adewumi MK, Omotugba KS, Daniel NM (2012) Influence of processing cassava peels on the hydrogen cyanide concentration, nutritive value and performance of growing rabbits. Tropical Animal Health and Production 44, 285-291.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Oluwadamilare IE, Olowofeso O (2010) Effect of supplementation of Guinea Grass with Cassava leaf silage on feed intake, digestibility & nitrogen balance of west African Dwarf goats. Applied Tropical Agriculture 15(1 and 2), 120-125.
| Google Scholar |

Oni AO, Arigbede OM, Oni OO, Onwuka CFI, Anele UY, Oduguwa BO, Yusuf KO (2010) Effects of feeding different levels of dried cassava leaves (Manihot esculenta, Crantz) based concentrates with Panicum maximum basal on the performance of growing West African dwarf goats. Livestock Science 129, 24-30.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

SAS (2008) ‘Statistical Analytical Systems, 9.4 for Windows x64 Based Systems.’ (SAS Institute Inc.: Cary, NC 27513, USA)

Taniguchi M, Suzuki H, Watanabe D, Sakai K, Hoshino K, Tanaka T (2005) Evaluation of pretreatment with Pleurotus ostreatus for enzymatic hydrolyses of rice straw. Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering 100(6), 637-643.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Tolera A, Sundstol F (2000) Supplementation of graded levels of Desmodium intortum hay to sheep feeding on maize stover harvested at three stages of maturity: 2. Rumen fermentation and nitrogen metabolism. Animal Feed Science and Technology 87, 215-229.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Van Soest PJ, Robertson JB, Lewis BA (1991) Methods of dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science 74(10), 3583-3597.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Wuanor AA, Ayoade JA (2017) Performance of West African dwarf goats fed Pleurotus tuber-regium biotreated rice straw and maize offal: brewer yeast slurry mixture. Journal of Experimental Agriculture International 17(1), 1-10.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Wuanor AA, Carew SN (2018) Nutrient digestibility, carcass yield and production economics of West African dwarf goats fed Pleurotus tuber-regium biotreated rice straw and maize offal-brewer yeast slurry mixture. Journal of Animal Husbandry and Dairy Science 2(1), 13-21.
| Google Scholar |

Wuanor AA, Ayoade JA, Saingbe PA (2018) Performance of West African dwarf goats fed Pleurotus tuber regium biotreated ground nut shells included diets. International Journal of Agriculture and Biosciences 7(1), 13-18.
| Google Scholar |

Yu H, Guo G, Zhang X, Yan K, Xu C (2009) The effect of biological pretreatment with the selective white-rot fungus echinodontium taxodii on enzymatic hydrolysis of softwoods and hardwoods. Bio-Resource Technology 100, 5170-5175.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |