Partial cholecalciferol replacement with 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol glycoside in diets for piglets
Heloíse Trautenmüller A , Jansller Luiz Genova
B * , Liliana Bury de Azevedo dos Santos A , Isabela Ferreira Leal A , Gleicianny de Brito Santos C , Paulo Evaristo Rupolo A , Ricardo Vianna Nunes A , Eduardo Raele de Oliveira D and Paulo Levi de Oliveira Carvalho A
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Animal Science Department, State University of Western Paraná, Marechal Cândido Rondon, PR 85960-000, Brazil.
B Animal Science Department, Federal University of Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, MG 36570-900, Brazil.
C Animal Science Department, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA 40100-110, Brazil.
D Nutriquest Technofeed, Araçoiaba da Serra, SP 18190-000, Brazil.
Animal Production Science 62(16) 1590-1599 https://doi.org/10.1071/AN21150
Submitted: 17 March 2021 Accepted: 4 June 2022 Published: 12 July 2022
© 2022 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing
Abstract
Context: Vitamin D supplementation plays a key role because its actions positively affect the animal’s overall health for optimal performance.
Aims: To assess partial cholecalciferol replacement with 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol glycoside for piglets on nutrient digestibility and daily balance of calcium and phosphorus, growth performance and blood metabolites.
Methods: To test digestibility, a total of 36 whole male piglets (18.79 ± 3.37 kg BW) were assigned in a randomised complete block design, with four treatments: (1) D3 (100% of the vitamin D supplemented with 1969 IU of cholecalciferol), (2) no supplemental sources of vitamin D (control), (3) D3 (50% of requirement + 0.375 μg of 1,25(OH)2D3 glycoside) or (4) 100% supplemented with 0.750 μg of 1,25(OH)2D3 glycoside. Nine replicates were performed, with one animal per experimental unit. For growth performance (Experiment II), a total of 128 whole male piglets (6.82 ± 0.38 kg BW) were distributed in a randomised complete block design, with four treatments: (1) 100% D3 (2707 IU in the pre-starter phase I, 2405 IU in the pre-starter phase II and 1969 IU in the starter phase), (2) 50% D3 + 0.25 μg of 1,25(OH)2D3 glycoside, (3) 25% D3 + 0.375 μg of 1,25(OH)2D3 glycoside or (4) 100% supplemented with 0.50 μg of 1,25(OH)2D3 glycoside. Eight replicates were conducted, with and four animals per experimental unit.
Key results: The apparent digestibility of nutrients and mineral balance were not influenced (P > 0.1). The results of Experiment II indicate effects (P < 0.1) of vitamin D supplementation on the growth performance evaluated during the nursery phase. Plasma calcium concentrations in the pre-starter II phase showed (P < 0.1) the highest concentration in the 50/50 treatment. Alkaline phosphatase showed (P < 0.001) a difference between treatments in the starter phase, with treatment 25/75 promoting the lowest plasma value.
Conclusions: Cholecalciferol or 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol glycoside resulted in similar digestibility and balance of calcium and phosphorus, even though the combination increased plasma calcium and alkaline phosphatase concentration in piglets. In addition, the partial replacement reduced the voluntary feed intake of piglets during nursery phase.
Implications: This investigation provided new information on partial cholecalciferol replacement with 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol glycoside in piglet starter as an alternative in post-weaning nutrition.
Keywords: blood metabolites, growth performance, nutrient digestibility, post weaning nutrition, vitamin D metabolism, vitamin D3, weaned piglets.
References
Alexander BM, Ingold BC, Young JL, Fensterseifer SR, Wechsler PJ, Austin KJ, Larson-Meyer DE (2017) Sunlight exposure increases vitamin D sufficiency in growing pigs fed a diet formulated to exceed requirements. Domestic Animal Endocrinology 59, 37–43.| Sunlight exposure increases vitamin D sufficiency in growing pigs fed a diet formulated to exceed requirements.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 27930936PubMed |
Arnold J, Madson DM, Ensley SM, Goff JP, Sparks C, Stevenson GW, Crenshaw T, Wang C, Horst RL (2015) Survey of serum vitamin D status across stages of swine production and evaluation of supplemental bulk vitamin D premixes used in swine diets. Journal of Swine Health and Production 23, 28–34.
Arouca CLC, Fontes DdO, Silva FCdO, Silva MdeA, Campos FR, Almeida FRCLd, Correa GdSS, de Paula E, Haese D (2010) Níveis de fósforo disponível para suínos machos castrados dos 60 aos 95 kg. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia 39, 2646–2655.
| Níveis de fósforo disponível para suínos machos castrados dos 60 aos 95 kg.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Bachmann H, Offord-Cavin E, Phothirath P, Horcajada M-N, Romeis P, Mathis GA (2013) 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3-glycoside of herbal origin exhibits delayed release pharmacokinetics when compared to its synthetic counterpart. The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 136, 333–336.
| 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3-glycoside of herbal origin exhibits delayed release pharmacokinetics when compared to its synthetic counterpart.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 23023100PubMed |
Barral D, Barros AC, Araújo RPCd (2007) Vitamina D: uma abordagem molecular. Pesquisa Brasileira em Odontopediatria e Clínica Integrada 7, 309–315.
| Vitamina D: uma abordagem molecular.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Barros R (2010) Efeito da vitamina d ativada no desempenho zootécnico e qualidade óssea de suínos. MSc thesis, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Brazil.
Bento MHL, Pedersen C, Plumstead PW, Salmon L, Nyachoti CM, Bikker P (2012) Dose response of a new phytase on dry matter, calcium, and phosphorus digestibility in weaned piglets. Journal of Animal Science 90, 245–247.
| Dose response of a new phytase on dry matter, calcium, and phosphorus digestibility in weaned piglets.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Blomberg Jensen M, Nielsen JE, Jorgensen A, Rajpert-De Meyts E, Kristensen DM, Jorgensen N, Skakkebaek NE, Juul A, Leffers H (2010) Vitamin D receptor and vitamin D metabolizing enzymes are expressed in the human male reproductive tract. Human Reproduction 25, 1303–1311.
| Vitamin D receptor and vitamin D metabolizing enzymes are expressed in the human male reproductive tract.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 20172873PubMed |
Castro LCGd (2011) O sistema endocrinológico vitamina D. Arquivos Brasileiros de Endocrinologia & Metabologia 55, 566–575.
| O sistema endocrinológico vitamina D.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Chao Y-S, Brunel L, Faris P, Veugelers PJ (2013) The importance of dose, frequency and duration of vitamin D supplementation for plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D. Nutrients 5, 4067–4078.
| The importance of dose, frequency and duration of vitamin D supplementation for plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 24152747PubMed |
Christakos S, Dhawan P, Porta A, Mady LJ, Seth T (2011) Vitamin D and intestinal calcium absorption. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology 347, 25–29.
| Vitamin D and intestinal calcium absorption.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 21664413PubMed |
Combs GF Jr, McClung JP (2016) ‘The vitamins: fundamental aspects in nutrition and health.’ (Elsevier Academic Press: San Diego, CA, USA)
Duffy SK, Kelly AK, Rajauria G, Clarke LC, Gath V, Monahan FJ, O’Doherty JV (2018) The effect of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 and phytase inclusion on pig performance, bone parameters and pork quality in finisher pigs. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 102, 1296–1305.
| The effect of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 and phytase inclusion on pig performance, bone parameters and pork quality in finisher pigs.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 29974992PubMed |
Flohr JR, Tokach MD, Dritz SS, DeRouchey JM, Goodband RD, Nelssen JL, Henry SC, Tokach LM, Potter ML, Goff JP, Koszewski NJ, Horst RL, Hansen EL, Fruge ED (2014) Effects of supplemental vitamin D3 on serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol and growth of preweaning and nursery pigs. Journal of Animal Science 92, 152–163.
| Effects of supplemental vitamin D3 on serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol and growth of preweaning and nursery pigs.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 24243907PubMed |
Garcia AFQM, Murakami AE, Duarte CRdA, Rojas ICO, Picoli KP, Puzotti MM (2013) Use of vitamin D3 and its metabolites in broiler chicken feed on performance, bone parameters and meat quality. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences 26, 408–415.
| Use of vitamin D3 and its metabolites in broiler chicken feed on performance, bone parameters and meat quality.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
González-Vega JC, Stein HH (2016) Digestibility of calcium in feed ingredients and requirements of digestible calcium for growing pigs. Animal Production Science 56, 1339–1344.
| Digestibility of calcium in feed ingredients and requirements of digestible calcium for growing pigs.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Guggenbuhl P, Piñón Quintana A, Simões Nunes C (2007) Comparative effects of three phytases on phosphorus and calcium digestibility in the growing pig. Livestock Science 109, 258–260.
| Comparative effects of three phytases on phosphorus and calcium digestibility in the growing pig.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Haussler MR, Jurutka PW, Mizwicki M, Norman AW (2011) Vitamin D receptor (VDR)-mediated actions of 1α,25(OH)2vitamin D3: genomic and non-genomic mechanisms. Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 25, 543–559.
| Vitamin D receptor (VDR)-mediated actions of 1α,25(OH)2vitamin D3: genomic and non-genomic mechanisms.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Jayaraman B, Nyachoti CM (2017) Husbandry practices and gut health outcomes in weaned piglets: a review. Animal Nutrition Journal 3, 205–211.
| Husbandry practices and gut health outcomes in weaned piglets: a review.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Khan SH, Shahid R, Mian AA, Sardar R, Anjum MA (2010) Original Article: Effect of the level of cholecalciferol supplementation of broiler diets on the performance and tibial dyschondroplasia. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 94, 584–593.
| Original Article: Effect of the level of cholecalciferol supplementation of broiler diets on the performance and tibial dyschondroplasia.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 20487100PubMed |
Kies AK, De Jonge LH, Kemme PA, Jongbloed AW (2006) Interaction between protein, phytate, and microbial phytase. In vitro studies. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 54, 1753–1758.
| Interaction between protein, phytate, and microbial phytase. In vitro studies.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 16506829PubMed |
Kolp E, Wilkens MR, Pendl W, Eichenberger B, Liesegang A (2017) Vitamin D metabolism in growing pigs: influence of UVB irradiation and dietary vitamin D supply on calcium homeostasis, its regulation and bone metabolism. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 101, 79–94.
| Vitamin D metabolism in growing pigs: influence of UVB irradiation and dietary vitamin D supply on calcium homeostasis, its regulation and bone metabolism.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 28627057PubMed |
Mathis G, Boland R, Bachmann H, Toggenburger A, Rambeck W (2016) Safety profile of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 of herbal origin in broiler chicken. Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd 158, 819–826.
| Safety profile of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 of herbal origin in broiler chicken.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 27934624PubMed |
Mohammed A, Gibney MJ, Taylor TG (1991) The effects of dietary levels of inorganic phosphorus, calcium and cholecalciferol on the digestibility of phytate-P by the chick. British Journal of Nutrition 66, 251–259.
| The effects of dietary levels of inorganic phosphorus, calcium and cholecalciferol on the digestibility of phytate-P by the chick.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1662069PubMed |
Odriozola ER, Rodríguez AM, Micheloud JF, Cantón GJ, Caffarena RD, Gimeno EJ, Bodega JJ, Gardey P, Iseas FB, Giannitti F (2018) Enzootic calcinosis in horses grazing Solanum glaucophyllum in Argentina. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 30, 286–289.
| Enzootic calcinosis in horses grazing Solanum glaucophyllum in Argentina.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 29202673PubMed |
Pekas JC (1968) Versatile swine laboratory apparatus for physiologic and metabolic studies. Journal of Animal Science 27, 1303–1306.
| Versatile swine laboratory apparatus for physiologic and metabolic studies.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Rostagno HS, Albino LFT, Hannas MI, Donzele JL, Sakomura NK, Perazzo FG, Saraiva A, Teixeira ML, Rodrigues PB, Oliveira RFd, Barreto SLdT, Brito AO (2017) ‘Tabelas brasileiras para aves e suínos: composição de alimentos e exigências nutricionais.’ (Universidade Federal de Viçosa: Viçosa, MG, Brazil)
Sakomura NK, Rostagno HS (2016) ‘Métodos de pesquisa em animais monogástricos.’ (Funep: Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil)
Salas E (2011) Case report: hypovitaminosis D in a swine herd. In ‘Proceedings of the 52nd annual George A. Young swine health and management conference’. (Ed. S Elisa) pp. 1–5. (Sioux City, NE)
Schlegel P, Guggisberg D, Gutzwiller A (2017) Tolerance to 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 glycosides from Solanum glaucophyllum by the growing pig. Research in Veterinary Science 112, 119–124.
| Tolerance to 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 glycosides from Solanum glaucophyllum by the growing pig.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 28237727PubMed |
Silva DJ, Queiroz AC (2009) ‘Análise de alimentos: métodos químicos e biológicos.’ (Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV): Viçosa, MG, Brazil)
Silva MAA, Carvalho PLO, Paiano D, Silva MA, Genova JL, Grando MA, Carvalho ST (2021) Statistical assessment of feeding corn with higher oil content to piglets in the starter phase. South African Journal of Animal Science 51, 460–468.
| Statistical assessment of feeding corn with higher oil content to piglets in the starter phase.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Tousignant SJP, Henry SC, Rovira S, Morrison RB (2013) Effect of oral vitamin D3 supplementation on growth and sérum 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels of pigs up to 7 weeks of age. Jornal of Swine Health and Production 21, 94–98.
van Grevenhof EM, Heuven HCM, van Weeren PR, Bijma P (2012) The relationship between growth and osteochondrosis in specific joints in pigs. Livestock Science 143, 85–90.
| The relationship between growth and osteochondrosis in specific joints in pigs.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
van Riet MMJ, Millet S, Aluwé M, Janssens GPJ (2013) Impact of nutrition on lameness and claw health in sows. Livestock Science 156, 24–35.
| Impact of nutrition on lameness and claw health in sows.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Wasserman RH (2004) Vitamin D and the dual processes of intestinal calcium absorption. The Journal of Nutrition 134, 3137–3139.
| Vitamin D and the dual processes of intestinal calcium absorption.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 15514288PubMed |
Xu RJ, Wang F, Zhang SH (2000) Postnatal adaptation of the gastrointestinal tract in neonatal pigs: a possible role of milk-borne growth factors. Livestock Production Science 66, 95–107.
| Postnatal adaptation of the gastrointestinal tract in neonatal pigs: a possible role of milk-borne growth factors.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Zeng ZK, Wang D, Piao XS, Li PF, Zhang HY, Shi CX, Yu SK (2014) Effects of adding super dose phytase to the phosphorus-deficient diets of young pigs on growth performance, bone quality, minerals and amino acids digestibilities. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences 27, 237–246.
| Effects of adding super dose phytase to the phosphorus-deficient diets of young pigs on growth performance, bone quality, minerals and amino acids digestibilities.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 25049948PubMed |
Zimmerman DR, Koszewski NJ, Hoy DA, Goff JP, Horst RL (2015) Targeted delivery of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 to colon tissue and identification of a major 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 glycoside from Solanum glaucophyllum plant leaves. The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 148, 318–325.
| Targeted delivery of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 to colon tissue and identification of a major 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 glycoside from Solanum glaucophyllum plant leaves.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 25445916PubMed |
