Effects of macrophage-conditioned medium on sika deer (Cervus nippon) antler stem cells
Zhen Wang A B , Datao Wang C , Tao Qin C , Hengxing Ba C , Guanning Wei C , Yong Li D , Wei Yu B E and Chunyi Li A C EA Changchun Sci-Tech University, 1699 Donghua Street, Changchun 130600, China.
B College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 928 No. 2 Street, Xiasha Higher Education Park, Hangzhou 310018, China.
C Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and Plants, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 4899 Juye Street, Changchun 130112, China.
D Tangshan Eighth Hospital, 16 West Kiln Road, Tangshan 063000, China.
E Corresponding author. Email: yuwei@zstu.edu.cn; lichunyi1959@163.com
Animal Production Science 60(10) 1326-1333 https://doi.org/10.1071/AN19553
Submitted: 25 September 2019 Accepted: 7 December 2019 Published: 24 April 2020
Abstract
Context: Immune system has been claimed as the ‘main switch’ of tissue or organ regeneration. Among immune cells, macrophages stand out as important modulators in mutiple regeneration models, such as planarian, axolotl, mammalian hair and liver. As a unique model for mammals, deer antler is considered to ideal for studying complete mammalian organ regeneration. Studies have found that antler regeneration is a stem cell-based process and antler stem cells locate in the pedicle periosteum (PP). Although the regulatory roles of the immune system in other regeneration models have been extensively studied, they remain unstudied in antler regeneration.
Aims: To explore the possible role of macrophages in the PP cells (PPCs).
Methods: We treated PPCs with a macrophage-conditioned medium (MCM) and detected effects of MCM on proliferation, migration and apoptosis of the PPCs, and identified differentially expressed genes by using the RNA-seq technique.
Key results: We found that MCM enhanced proliferation rate and migration rate significantly and stimulated apoptosis of the PPCs. Using the RNA-seq technique, we identified 112 differentially expressed genes in the PPCs (38 downregulated and 74 upregulated) after the MCM treatment. Furthermore, gene-ontology annotation analyses showed that the upregulated genes were mainly involved in cell adhesion, chemotaxis, wound healing, growth factor-stimulated responses, and bone formation, and the downregulated genes were involved in regulation of biosynthesis.
Conclusions: MCM had a great influence on the antler stem cells, and macrophages might regulate antler regeneration through altering the microenvironment and gene-expression profiles of the PPCs.
Implications: We believe that the results of the present study would facilitate the discovery of the roles of immune system in antler stem cells and, thus, mammalian organ regeneration in general.
Additional keywords: antler regeneration, differentially expressed genes, macrophages, RNA-seq.
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