Creating a low enteric methane emission ruminant: what is the evidence of success to the present and prospects for developing economies?
J. P. Goopy
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
Mazingira Centre, ILRI, Kenya, PO Box 30709, Nairobi 00100, Kenya; and Department Agriculture and Food, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Vic. 3052, Australia. Email: j.goopy@cgiar.org
Animal Production Science 59(10) 1769-1776 https://doi.org/10.1071/AN18457
Submitted: 2 August 2018 Accepted: 20 July 2019 Published: 30 August 2019
Journal Compilation © CSIRO 2019 Open Access CC BY-NC-ND
Abstract
Enteric methane emissions from livestock constitute a greater part of anthropogenic greenhouse gases (GHGs) in Africa, than in more industrialised economies, providing a strong incentive for the development of low methane phenotype ruminants. Although dietary and husbandry options already exist for lowering methane production, means of changing ‘methane status’ of animals enduringly has a strong appeal. This paper is a critical review the empirical success to date of attempts to alter this status. Introduction of reductive acetogens, defaunation, anti-methanogen vaccines, early life programming and genetic selection at both the rumen and animal level are considered in turn. It is concluded that to date, there is little in vivo evidence to support the practical success of any of these strategies, save selective breeding, and this at a high cost with unknown efficacy. Finally, it is suggested that for developing economies management and nutritional strategies to reduce emissions will have the greatest and most immediate impact, at the lowest cost.
Additional keywords: anti-methanogen, defaunation, early life programming, reductive acetogenesis, rumen biome.
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