Dietary supplementation with copper oxide nanoparticles ameliorates chronic heat stress in broiler chickens
Seham El-Kassas
A H , Karima El-Naggar B , Safaa E. Abdo C , Walied Abdo D , Abeer A. K. Kirrella E , Ibrahim El-Mehaseeb F and Mohammed Abu El-Magd G
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Animal, Poultry and Fish Breeding and Production, Department of Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Post Box 33516, Egypt.
B Department of Nutrition and Veterinary Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Post Box 22758, Egypt.
C Genetics and Genetic Engineering, Department of Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Post Box 33516, Egypt.
D Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Post Box 33516, Egypt.
E Poultry Physiology, Poultry production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University.
F Nano-chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Kafrelsheikh University, Post Box 33516, Egypt.
G Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Post Box 33516, Egypt.
H Corresponding author. Email: seham.elkassas@vet.kfs.edu.eg; seham.elkassas7@gmail.com
Animal Production Science 60(2) 254-268 https://doi.org/10.1071/AN18270
Submitted: 26 April 2018 Accepted: 16 March 2019 Published: 6 December 2019
Abstract
Aims: Heat stress (HS) is one of the most serious problems of poultry production. Copper (Cu) is an essential trace element that plays a crucial role in the organism defence against oxidative stress. Because of the low mineral availability of the commercial Cu salts, in a novel approach, copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NPs) were used to alleviate chronic heat stress-induced degenerative changes in two commercial broiler strains (Ross 308 and Cobb 500).
Methods: Birds of each broiler strain were divided into six groups, with three replicates each. The first group (N1) received 100% of the recommended Cu requirements as CuO and was housed under normal temperature (24 ± 2°C), the second and third groups (N2 and N3 respectively) received 100% and 50% of the recommended Cu requirements as CuO-NPs and were housed under normal temperature. The fourth, fifth and sixth groups (H1, H2 and H3 respectively) received the same level of Cu supplementation as did the first, second and third groups respectively, and they were housed under normal temperature until the age of 21 days, and then exposed to HS (33 ± 2°C/5 h per day for two successive weeks).
Key results: Dietary supplementation with CuO-NPs during HS altered the HS-induced responses of the birds, as confirmed by decreased liver malondehyde (MDA) concentration and enhanced superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx1) mRNA expression levels and enzyme activities (P < 0.001), with a distinct linear association between the gene expression level and enzyme activity. Copper oxide NPs also reduced HS-induced degenerative changes in the hepatic tissue. These nanoparticles modulated, although variably, liver HS protein 70 (HSP70), HS protein 90 (HSP90) and HS factor 3 (HSF3) mRNA transcript levels among Ross and Cobb chickens following HS (P < 0.001). Performance of both strains under HS was improved (as shown by a marked reduction in body temperature (P < 0.001) and a higher bodyweight (P < 0.01)) when CuO-NPs were supplemented in the diet, especially for the birds receiving 50% of the recommended Cu requirement, with different responses being noted in the two strains studied.
Conclusion: CuO-NPs could be used as a good alternative source of Cu in poultry nutrition during summer.
Implications: Dietary supplementation of CuO-NPs, especially at 50% of the birds’ recommended requirement, during heat stress could enhance bird performance, lower bird temperature and increase its resistance to negative consequences of elevated temperature.
Additional keywords: antioxidants, commercial broilers, growth performance.
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