Heat stress: impact on livestock well-being and productivity and mitigation strategies to alleviate the negative effects*
Jay S. Johnson
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
USDA–ARS Livestock Behavior Research Unit, 270 South Russell Street, Room 3016, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA. Email: Jay.Johnson@ars.usda.gov
Animal Production Science 58(8) 1404-1413 https://doi.org/10.1071/AN17725
Submitted: 20 October 2017 Accepted: 23 April 2018 Published: 9 May 2018
Abstract
Heat stress (HS) is a multi-factorial problem that negatively affects livestock health and productivity and is closely linked with animal welfare. While HS may not be harmful when animals are able to adapt, the physiological changes that occur to ensure survival may impede the efficient conversion of feed energy into animal products. This adaptive response can be variable and is often based on previous HS exposure, genetics, species and production stage. When the heat load becomes too great for adaptive responses to compensate, the subsequent strain response causes reduced productivity and well-being and, in severe cases, mortality. The effects of HS on livestock productivity are well documented and range from decreased feed intake and body weight gain, to reduced reproductive efficiency and altered carcass composition and meat quality. In addition, researchers are beginning to elucidate the effects of prenatal HS on postnatal livestock performance and welfare. As knowledge of the negative impacts of HS on livestock performance and welfare increases, so will the development of effective mitigation strategies to support maintenance of productivity during times of high thermal heat loads and preserve appropriate animal welfare standards.
Additional keywords: animal stress, management, temperature, welfare.
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