Methionine concentration in the pre-starter diet: its effect on broiler breast muscle development
D. J. Powell A B D , S. G. Velleman C , A. J. Cowieson A and W. I. Muir A
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW 2750, Australia.
B Poultry CRC, PO Box U242, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia.
C Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University/Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Centre, Wooster 44691, USA.
D Corresponding author. Email: dean.powell@sydney.edu.au
Animal Production Science 57(3) 448-457 https://doi.org/10.1071/AN15479
Submitted: 24 August 2015 Accepted: 10 December 2015 Published: 20 April 2016
Abstract
The effect of feeding diets of variable methionine concentration on breast muscle development was assessed in Ross 308 broiler chicks. Four isonitrogenous and isoenergetic starter diets were formulated to contain 7.8, 5.9, 4.6, and 3.4 g methionine/kg diet, and were provided for the first 7 days post-hatch. At 7 days of age all birds were placed on an industry standard starter diet with 5.9 g methionine/kg diet until 14 days, and then provided standard broiler grower (until 28 days) and finisher (until 42 days) diets. Birds were weighed periodically throughout the study and feed intake and feed conversion ratio were determined. Ten birds per treatment were sacrificed and weighed on 0, 1, 4, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42 days. The pectoralis major (breast muscle) was then removed from the carcass and weighed. Samples of breast muscle were collected for genetic and histological analysis. Expression of the myogenic marker genes, myogenic differentiation factor 1 and myogenin, which regulate satellite cell activity, and the adipogenic marker gene, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), was measured. Histological assessment of breast muscle morphology and fat deposition morphology was also performed. No effect of dietary treatment was observed on body or breast muscle weight, feed intake or feed conversion ratio. Marker gene expression was also similar in all treatment groups, except for PPARγ. Significantly higher expression of PPARγ was observed at 0 days in the 5.9 g methionine/kg diet treatment, before dietary treatments were provided. Expression of PPARγ did not differ among treatment groups on any subsequent day. Methionine dietary treatment had no effect on the morphological structure of the breast muscle, or intramuscular fat deposition. These results suggest that under the conditions of this study, satellite cell activity in the early post-hatch chick, and subsequent muscle development, were not responsive to the variable methionine manipulations tested in the pre-starter period.
Additional keywords: adult myoblast, neonatal diet, nutrition.
References
Asakura A, Komaki M, Rudnicki M (2001) Muscle satellite cells are multipotential stem cells that exhibit myogenic, osteogenic, and adipogenic differentiation. Differentiation 68, 245–253.| Muscle satellite cells are multipotential stem cells that exhibit myogenic, osteogenic, and adipogenic differentiation.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:STN:280:DC%2BD38%2Fks1Kqsw%3D%3D&md5=c7ed7892b13142fedcf8d5e6ced286c0CAS | 11776477PubMed |
Corzo A, Kidd MT, Dozier WA, Shack LA, Burgess SC (2006) Protein expression of pectoralis major muscle in chickens in response to dietary methionine status. British Journal of Nutrition 95, 703–708.
| Protein expression of pectoralis major muscle in chickens in response to dietary methionine status.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XkvVCgs7g%3D&md5=63db24c5778d965139e0df26ae57ee1bCAS | 16571149PubMed |
Everaert N, Swennen Q, Coustard SM, Willemsen H, Careghi C, Buyse J, Bruggeman V, Decuypere E, Tesseraud S (2010) The effect of the protein level in a pre-starter diet on the post-hatch performance and activation of ribosomal protein s6 kinase in muscle of neonatal broilers. British Journal of Nutrition 103, 206–211.
| The effect of the protein level in a pre-starter diet on the post-hatch performance and activation of ribosomal protein s6 kinase in muscle of neonatal broilers.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXhs1SltrzF&md5=8d98b92c212e3aad61c9e4c666c3bf3dCAS | 19747420PubMed |
Goulart CC, Costa FGP, Silva JHV, Souza JG, Rodrigues VP, Oliveira CFS (2011) Requirements of digestible methionine + cystine for broiler chickens at 1 to 42 days of age. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia 40, 797–803.
Halevy O, Geyra A, Barak M, Uni Z, Sklan D (2000) Early posthatch starvation decreases satellite cell proliferation and skeletal muscle growth in chicks. The Journal of Nutrition 130, 858–864.
Halevy O, Nadel Y, Barak M, Rozenboim I, Sklan D (2003) Early posthatch feeding stimulates satellite cell proliferation and skeletal muscle growth in turkey poults. The Journal of Nutrition 133, 1376–1382.
Hu E, Tontonoz P, Spiegelman BM (1995) Transdifferentiation of myoblasts by the adipogenic transcription factors ppar gamma and c/ebp alpha. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 92, 9856–9860.
| Transdifferentiation of myoblasts by the adipogenic transcription factors ppar gamma and c/ebp alpha.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXoslCmt7o%3D&md5=5de9bb2d43e4fcda5c63b0cc78abfbdaCAS | 7568232PubMed |
Jin S-H, Corless A, Sell J (1998) Digestive system development in post-hatch poultry. World’s Poultry Science Journal 54, 335–345.
| Digestive system development in post-hatch poultry.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Kidd MT, Corzo A, Hoehler D, Miller ER, Dozier WA (2005) Broiler responsiveness (Ross x 708) to diets varying in amino acid density. Poultry Science 84, 1389–1396.
| Broiler responsiveness (Ross x 708) to diets varying in amino acid density.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXhtVentbrM&md5=2244fef870cf287122ba924561df6d0aCAS | 16206560PubMed |
Kornasio R, Halevy O, Kedar O, Uni Z (2011) Effect of in ovo feeding and its interaction with timing of first feed on glycogen reserves, muscle growth, and body weight. Poultry Science 90, 1467–1477.
| Effect of in ovo feeding and its interaction with timing of first feed on glycogen reserves, muscle growth, and body weight.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXpsVGrsb0%3D&md5=527450558fbd624fbe0fef6c18160c5bCAS | 21673162PubMed |
Liu C, McFarland DC, Nestor KE, Velleman SG (2006) Differential expression of membrane-associated heparan sulfate proteoglycans in the skeletal muscle of turkeys with different growth rates. Poultry Science 85, 422–428.
| Differential expression of membrane-associated heparan sulfate proteoglycans in the skeletal muscle of turkeys with different growth rates.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28Xis1aquro%3D&md5=b71cda37fc8df47c02d130b434ec9638CAS | 16553270PubMed |
Moss FP, Leblond CP (1971) Satellite cells as the source of nuclei in muscles of growing rats. The Anatomical Record 170, 421–435.
| Satellite cells as the source of nuclei in muscles of growing rats.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:STN:280:DyaE38%2FktVWhug%3D%3D&md5=b8200a5d6cfd3a8f3ab1bce6d447af96CAS | 5118594PubMed |
Moss FP, Simmonds RA, McNary HW (1964) The growth and composition of skeletal muscle in the chicken. Poultry Science 43, 1086–1091.
| The growth and composition of skeletal muscle in the chicken.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Mozdziak PE, Evans JJ, McCoy DW (2002a) Early posthatch starvation induces myonuclear apoptosis in chickens. The Journal of Nutrition 132, 901–903.
Mozdziak PE, Walsh TJ, McCoy DW (2002b) The effect of early posthatch nutrition on satellite cell mitotic activity. Poultry Science 81, 1703–1708.
| The effect of early posthatch nutrition on satellite cell mitotic activity.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:STN:280:DC%2BD38nptlyhsw%3D%3D&md5=90a8866ee6b6c2e3a3d1a2f1991de216CAS | 12455598PubMed |
Murakami H, Akiba Y, Horiguchi M (1992) Growth and utilization of nutrients in newly-hatched chick with or without removal of residual yolk. Growth, Development, and Aging 56, 75–84.
Murphy ME (1994) Amino acid compositions of avian eggs and tissues: nutritional implications. Journal of Avian Biology 25, 27–38.
| Amino acid compositions of avian eggs and tissues: nutritional implications.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
National Health and Medical Research Council (2013) Australian code for the care and use of animals for scientific purposes. 8th edn. Available at https://www.nhmrc.gov.au/guidelines-publications/ea28 [Verified 24 March 2016]
Nierobisz LS, Felts V, Mozdziak PE (2007) The effect of early dietary amino acid levels on muscle satellite cell dynamics in turkeys. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. Part B, Biochemistry & Molecular Biology 148, 286–294.
| The effect of early dietary amino acid levels on muscle satellite cell dynamics in turkeys.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:STN:280:DC%2BD2snktFSrug%3D%3D&md5=e8eeaa7881ba9bcc46cfa91316e4ad61CAS |
Nierobisz LS, Felts JV, Mozdziak PE (2009) Apoptosis and macrophage infiltration occur simultaneously and present a potential sign of muscle injury in skeletal muscle of nutritionally compromised, early post-hatch turkeys. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. Part B, Biochemistry & Molecular Biology 153, 61–65.
| Apoptosis and macrophage infiltration occur simultaneously and present a potential sign of muscle injury in skeletal muscle of nutritionally compromised, early post-hatch turkeys.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:STN:280:DC%2BC3cvot1Wgsg%3D%3D&md5=78ecb2ae8d93c01bf0e69ea42da327f7CAS |
Noy Y, Sklan D (2001) Yolk and exogenous feed utilization in the posthatch chick. Poultry Science 80, 1490–1495.
| Yolk and exogenous feed utilization in the posthatch chick.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXnvVCgsrs%3D&md5=de4e67e15231b551dfd3225bd5134b5dCAS | 11599709PubMed |
Noy Y, Uni Z, Sklan D (1996) Routes of yolk utilisation in the newly-hatched chick. British Poultry Science 37, 987–995.
| Routes of yolk utilisation in the newly-hatched chick.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:STN:280:DyaK2s7oslWgtw%3D%3D&md5=c2262449b070f0600d2bd91d16f071bfCAS | 9034588PubMed |
Pophal S, Evans JJ, Mozdziak PE (2003) Myonuclear apoptosis occurs during early posthatch starvation. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. Part B, Biochemistry & Molecular Biology 135, 677–681.
| Myonuclear apoptosis occurs during early posthatch starvation.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Pophal S, Mozdziak PE, Vieira SL (2004) Satellite cell mitotic activity of broilers fed differing levels of lysine. International Journal of Poultry Science 3, 758–763.
| Satellite cell mitotic activity of broilers fed differing levels of lysine.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Powell DJ, McFarland DC, Cowieson AJ, Muir WI, Velleman SG (2013) The effect of nutritional status on myogenic satellite cell proliferation and differentiation. Poultry Science 92, 2163–2173.
| The effect of nutritional status on myogenic satellite cell proliferation and differentiation.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3sXht1Ois7bP&md5=287e0c31dbe02f784b07ea21b54dc7f4CAS | 23873565PubMed |
Powell DJ, McFarland DC, Cowieson AJ, Muir WI, Velleman SG (2014a) The effect of nutritional status and muscle fiber type on myogenic satellite cell fate and apoptosis. Poultry Science 93, 163–173.
| The effect of nutritional status and muscle fiber type on myogenic satellite cell fate and apoptosis.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2cXitVyjtLg%3D&md5=d7fc1f43c77913bbfb2ad55c7be674e4CAS | 24570436PubMed |
Powell DJ, McFarland DC, Cowieson AJ, Muir WI, Velleman SG (2014b) The effect of nutritional status on myogenic gene expression of satellite cells derived from different muscle types. Poultry Science 93, 2278–2288.
| The effect of nutritional status on myogenic gene expression of satellite cells derived from different muscle types.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2cXhsleks7nJ&md5=ee07809daa1387f01053b07394185e86CAS | 25037825PubMed |
Powell DJ, Velleman SG, Cowieson AJ, Singh M, Muir WI (2016) Influence of hatch time and access to feed on intramuscular adipose tissue deposition in broilers. Poultry Science
| Influence of hatch time and access to feed on intramuscular adipose tissue deposition in broilers.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 26976909PubMed | in press.
Ravindran V, Bryden WL (1999) Amino acid availability in poultry – in vitro and in vivo measurements. Crop and Pasture Science 50, 889–908.
| Amino acid availability in poultry – in vitro and in vivo measurements.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXkvV2kt74%3D&md5=36bb3ac073a589d0eb409b52b9f323f8CAS |
R Core Team (2015) R: a language and environment for statistical computing. (R Foundation for Statistical Computing: Vienna, Austria) Available at http://www.R-project.org [Verified 24 March 2016]
Rosen ED, Sarraf P, Troy AE, Bradwin G, Moore K, Milstone DS, Spiegelman BM, Mortensen RM (1999) PPPAR gamma is required for the differentiation of adipose tissue in vivo and in vitro. Molecular Cell 4, 611–617.
| PPPAR gamma is required for the differentiation of adipose tissue in vivo and in vitro.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXntFCgsb4%3D&md5=0e37eb2ad9e6d6d158eb8a267718af0cCAS | 10549292PubMed |
Rutherfurd SM, Gilani GS (2009) Amino acid analysis. Current Protocols in Protein Science 58, 11.9.1–11.9.37.
Scott ML, Neshim MC, Young RJ (1982) Proteins and amino acids. In ‘Nutrition of the chicken’. 3rd edn. (Eds S Leeson and JD Summers) pp. 62. (ML Scott and Associates Publishers: Ithaca, NY)
Shefer G, Wleklinski-Lee M, Yablonka-Reuveni Z (2004) Skeletal muscle satellite cells can spontaneously enter an alternative mesenchymal pathway. Journal of Cell Science 117, 5393–5404.
| Skeletal muscle satellite cells can spontaneously enter an alternative mesenchymal pathway.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXhtVCjsrrI&md5=78f22bdf6edf864bced487f17adfae95CAS | 15466890PubMed |
Sklan D, Noy Y (2003) Crude protein and essential amino acid requirements in chicks during the first week posthatch. British Poultry Science 44, 266–274.
| Crude protein and essential amino acid requirements in chicks during the first week posthatch.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXlsVemt7k%3D&md5=bae85f6e1c84b2b61549cf8126afd831CAS | 12828212PubMed |
Stockdale FE, Holtzer H (1961) DNA synthesis and myogenesis. Experimental Cell Research 24, 508–520.
| DNA synthesis and myogenesis.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaF38XkslWrtb0%3D&md5=b940b3e9a7e048618a02791f8af9314eCAS | 13917284PubMed |
Swennen Q, Everaert N, Debonne M, Verbaeys I, Careghi C, Tona K, Janssens GP, Decuypere E, Bruggeman V, Buyse J (2010) Effect of macronutrient ratio of the pre-starter diet on broiler performance and intermediary metabolism. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 94, 375–384.
| Effect of macronutrient ratio of the pre-starter diet on broiler performance and intermediary metabolism.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXnvFGkuro%3D&md5=7a03bed8b3771215d5d99defa95f52caCAS | 19906142PubMed |
Tesseraud S, Temim S, Le Bihan-Duval E, Chagneau AM (2001) Increased responsiveness to dietary lysine deficiency of pectoralis major muscle protein turnover in broilers selected on breast development. Journal of Animal Science 79, 927–933.
Tesseraud S, Everaert N, Boussaid-Om Ezzine S, Collin A, Metayer-Coustard S, Berri C (2011) Manipulating tissue metabolism by amino acids. World’s Poultry Science Journal 67, 243–252.
| Manipulating tissue metabolism by amino acids.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Uni Z (2006) Early development of small intestinal function. In ‘Avian gut function in health and disease’. (Ed. GC Perry) pp. 29–42. (CAB International: Oxon, UK)
Velleman SG, Anderson JW, Coy CS, Nestor KE (2003) Effect of selection for growth rate on muscle damage during turkey breast muscle development. Poultry Science 82, 1069–1074.
| Effect of selection for growth rate on muscle damage during turkey breast muscle development.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3szktVGlsg%3D%3D&md5=25c85cfa1383e08e48823f1f1eb24e4aCAS | 12872961PubMed |
Velleman SG, Nestor KE, Coy CS, Harford I, Anthony NB (2010) Effect of posthatch feed restriction on broiler breast muscle development and muscle transcriptional regulatory factor gene and heparan sulfate proteoglycan expression. International Journal of Poultry Science 9, 417–425.
| Effect of posthatch feed restriction on broiler breast muscle development and muscle transcriptional regulatory factor gene and heparan sulfate proteoglycan expression.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXnsVCjt7o%3D&md5=853710c2b9bfc3e12cf76d0361612161CAS |
Velleman SG, Coy CS, Emmerson DA (2014a) Effect of the timing of posthatch feed restrictions on broiler breast muscle development and muscle transcriptional regulatory factor gene expression. Poultry Science 93, 1484–1494.
| Effect of the timing of posthatch feed restrictions on broiler breast muscle development and muscle transcriptional regulatory factor gene expression.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2cXpt1WjsLk%3D&md5=563afca51a0a659a771d302cc4923d73CAS | 24879698PubMed |
Velleman SG, Coy CS, Emmerson DA (2014b) Effect of the timing of posthatch feed restrictions on the deposition of fat during broiler breast muscle development. Poultry Science 93, 2622–2627.
| Effect of the timing of posthatch feed restrictions on the deposition of fat during broiler breast muscle development.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:STN:280:DC%2BC2cbotFOjsA%3D%3D&md5=982b1715925c32de54685a3d034e61ddCAS | 25085937PubMed |
Vieira SL, Angel CR (2012) Optimizing broiler performance using different amino acid density diets: what are the limits? Journal of Applied Poultry Research 21, 149–155.
| Optimizing broiler performance using different amino acid density diets: what are the limits?Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38XkvV2juro%3D&md5=87d7224809c5a1d3cfa2f3b85e9ee0e6CAS |
Vieira SL, Lemme A, Goldenberg DB, Brugalli I (2004) Responses of growing broilers to diets with increased sulfur amino acids to lysine ratios at two dietary protein levels. Poultry Science 83, 1307–1313.
| Responses of growing broilers to diets with increased sulfur amino acids to lysine ratios at two dietary protein levels.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXntFGmu7c%3D&md5=9b701d11c5b37a07e4101f8da1277b0cCAS | 15339005PubMed |
Weintraub H (1993) The myod family and myogenesis: redundancy, networks, and thresholds. Cell 75, 1241–1244.
| The myod family and myogenesis: redundancy, networks, and thresholds.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaK2cXntl2mtw%3D%3D&md5=7277f93fff2a01fcbbe2d91c33ffaff8CAS | 8269506PubMed |
Wen C, Chen X, Chen GY, Wu P, Chen YP, Zhou YM, Wang T (2014) Methionine improves breast muscle growth and alters myogenic gene expression in broilers. Journal of Animal Science 92, 1068–1073.
| Methionine improves breast muscle growth and alters myogenic gene expression in broilers.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2cXltVaht74%3D&md5=7c7dbaa562787bdac9d266582a5a1c5dCAS | 24492548PubMed |
Zhai W, Araujo LF, Burgess SC, Cooksey AM, Pendarvis K, Mercier Y, Corzo A (2012) Protein expression in pectoral skeletal muscle of chickens as influenced by dietary methionine. Poultry Science 91, 2548–2555.
| Protein expression in pectoral skeletal muscle of chickens as influenced by dietary methionine.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38Xhs1Wns7vN&md5=9f5756067354ee45821c5269d0a1bdbbCAS | 22991541PubMed |
