Effects of chitosan on ruminal fermentation, nutrient digestibility, and milk yield and composition of dairy cows
Pablo Gomes de Paiva A , Elmeson Ferreira de Jesus A , Tiago Antonio Del Valle B , Gustavo Ferreira de Almeida B , Artur Gabriel Brao Vilas Boas Costa B , Carlos Eduardo Cardoso Consentini B , Filipe Zanferari B , Caio Seiti Takiya B , Ives Cláudio da Silva Bueno C and Francisco Palma Rennó B DA Department of Animal Sciences, UNESP – Universidade Estadual Paulista ‘Júlio de Mesquita Filho’ /Campus Jaboticabal, Rod. Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane km 5, Jaboticabal, SP, 14884900, Brazil.
B Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225-Campus da USP, Pirassununga, SP, 13635900, Brazil.
C Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225-Campus da USP, Pirassununga, SP, 136359000, Brazil.
D Corresponding author. Email: francisco.renno@usp.br
Animal Production Science 57(2) 301-307 https://doi.org/10.1071/AN15329
Submitted: 23 June 2015 Accepted: 6 October 2015 Published: 18 February 2016
Abstract
Our objective was to evaluate the effects of providing increasing levels of chitosan on nutrient digestibility, ruminal fermentation, blood parameters, nitrogen utilisation, microbial protein synthesis, and milk yield and composition of lactating dairy cows. Eight rumen-fistulated Holstein cows [average days in lactation = 215 ± 60.9; and average bodyweight (BW) = 641 ± 41.1 kg] were assigned into a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design, with 21-day evaluation periods. Cows were assigned to be provided with four levels of chitosan, placed into the rumen through the fistula, as follows: (1) Control: with no provision of chitosan; (2) 75 mg/kg BW; (3) 150 mg/kg BW; and (4) 225 mg/kg BW. Chitosan had no effect on dry matter intake (P > 0.73); however, chitosan increased (P = 0.05) crude protein digestibility. Propionate concentration was increased (P = 0.02), and butyrate, isobutyrate, isovalerate and acetate : propionate ratio were decreased (P ≤ 0.04) by chitosan. Chitosan had no effect (P > 0.25) on acetate, pH and NH3 ruminal concentration. Glucose, urea, and hepatic enzyme concentrations in the blood were similar (P > 0.30) among treatments. Nitrogen balance was not affected, but chitosan increased milk nitrogen (P = 0.02). Microbial protein synthesis was not affected by chitosan (P > 0.44). Chitosan increased (P = 0.02) milk yield, fat-corrected milk, protein and lactose production. Chitosan changes ruminal fermentation and improves milk yield of lactating dairy cows; therefore, we conclude that chitosan can be used as a rumen modulator instead of ionophores in diets for dairy cows.
Additional keywords: additive, antimicrobial, dry matter intake.
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