Synthesis: foraging decisions link plants, herbivores and human beings
F. D. Provenza A D , P. Gregorini B and P. C. F. Carvalho C
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Department of Wildland Resources, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322-5230, USA.
B Feed and Farm Systems Group, DairyNZ, Private Bag 3221, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand.
C Research Group on Livestock Grazing Ecology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 91540-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
D Corresponding author. Email: fred.provenza@emeriti.usu.edu
Animal Production Science 55(3) 411-425 https://doi.org/10.1071/AN14679
Submitted: 8 July 2014 Accepted: 12 November 2014 Published: 5 February 2015
Abstract
Herbivores make decisions about where to forage and what combinations and sequences of foods to eat, integrating influences that span generations, with choices manifest daily within a lifetime. These influences begin in utero and early in life; they emerge daily from interactions among internal needs and contexts unique to biophysical and social environments; and they link the cells of plants with the palates of herbivores and humans. This synthesis summarises papers in the special issue of Animal Production Science that explore emerging understanding of these dynamics, and suggests implications for future research that can help people manage livestock for the benefit of landscapes and people by addressing (1) how primary and secondary compounds in plants interact physiologically with cells and organs in animals to influence food selection, (2) temporal and spatial patterns of foraging behaviours that emerge from these interactions in the form of meal dynamics across landscapes, (3) ways humans can manage foraging behaviours and the dynamics of meals for ecological, economic and social benefits, and (4) models of foraging behaviour that integrate the aforementioned influences.
Additional keywords: behaviour, habitat selection, managing grazing, meal patterns, models of foraging, nutrition, secondary compounds.
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