Replacing conventional with brown midrib corn silage in a total mixed ration: the impact on early and late lactation dairy cow intake, milk yield and composition, and milk fatty acids profile
G. A. Genero A C , C. A. Cangiano A , J. P. Raimondi B , J. M. Roig B and G. A. Gagliostro A
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Unidad Integrada Balcarce (Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias-Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria), route 226, km 73.5 (7620), Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
B Dow AgroSciences, route 8, km 264 (2720), Colón, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
C Corresponding author. Email: generogabriel@hotmail.com
Animal Production Science 56(7) 1136-1143 https://doi.org/10.1071/AN14030
Submitted: 21 January 2014 Accepted: 2 December 2014 Published: 26 March 2015
Abstract
Brown midrib corn silage (BMRS) is used as an alternative to conventional corn silage (CS) to increase milk yield because of its higher neutral detergent fibre digestibility (NDFD) and DM intake (DMI). Forty Holstein dairy cows were used in a completely randomised design with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. Two groups of 13 cows in early lactation (EL) and 7 in late lactation (LL) were fed with a total mixed ration including brown midrib (BMR) or conventional corn silage (C), for a period of 42 days. The cows were milked twice a day, milk yield and DMI were recorded, and NDFD was estimated. Milk composition was measured twice a week and milk fatty acid profile was quantified on the final week of the experiment. In EL, BMR diet increased DMI, NDFD, milk and protein yield whereas milk fat content and yield were decreased. Concentrations of trans-10 C18:1 and trans-10, cis-12 C18:2 in milk were higher in BMR. In LL cows DMI was similar between BMR and C whereas milk and fat yields tended to be higher in C. Fat-corrected milk yield was greater in the C diet. The effect of the BMRS on DMI and milk yield depended on stage of lactation, justifying its use in early lactation. The lower milk fat concentration, observed when BMRS was included in the diets, could be explained in part by an increased concentration of trans-10 C18:1 and trans-10, cis-12 C18:2.
Additional keywords: BMR hybrids, dry matter intake, fibre digestibility, milk fat content.
References
Agricultural and Food Research Council (1993) ‘Energy and protein requirements of ruminants.’ (CAB International: Wallingford, UK)Allen MS, Bradford BJ, Oba M (2009) Board-invited review: the hepatic oxidation theory of the control of feed intake and its application to ruminants. Journal of Animal Science 87, 3317–3334.
| Board-invited review: the hepatic oxidation theory of the control of feed intake and its application to ruminants.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXht1WksLzL&md5=2c81181b5f36956ff4dabedb4e639d72CAS | 19648500PubMed |
American Oil Chemists’ Society (2004) ‘Official procedures of the American Oil Chemists Society, approved procedure Am 5-04, rapid determination of oil/fat utilizing high temperature solvent extraction.’ (American Oil Chemists Society: Urbana, IL)
Association of Official Analytical Chemists (1990) ‘Official methods of analysis.’ 15th edn. (Association of Official Analytical Chemists: Arlington, VA)
Ballard CS, Thomas ED, Tsang DS, Mandebvu P, Sniffen CJ, Endres MI, Carter MP (2001) Effect of corn silage hybrid on dry matter yield, nutrient composition, in vitro digestion, intake by dairy heifers, and milk production by dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 84, 442–452.
| Effect of corn silage hybrid on dry matter yield, nutrient composition, in vitro digestion, intake by dairy heifers, and milk production by dairy cows.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXhsVKhsLc%3D&md5=c9223dc6a7c36861763355538df373d2CAS | 11233029PubMed |
Bauman DE, Griinari JM (2001) Regulation and nutritional manipulation of milk fat: low-fat milk syndrome. Livestock Production Science 70, 15–29.
| Regulation and nutritional manipulation of milk fat: low-fat milk syndrome.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Block E, Muller LD, Griel LC, Garwood DL (1981) Brown midrib-3 corn silage and heat extruded soybeans for early lactating dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 64, 1813–1825.
| Brown midrib-3 corn silage and heat extruded soybeans for early lactating dairy cows.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Bulletin of International Dairy Federation No 265 (1991) ‘Determination of free fatty acids in milk and milk products’. ISO 15884-IDF 182: Milk fat, preparation of fatty acid methyl esters.
Castro JJ, Bernard JK, Mullis NA, Eggleston RB (2010) Brown midrib corn silage and Tifton 85 bermudagrass in rations for early-lactation cows. Journal of Dairy Science 93, 2143–2152.
| Brown midrib corn silage and Tifton 85 bermudagrass in rations for early-lactation cows.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXnvVansrc%3D&md5=906e3b7063c318d32e6416a1834d2a12CAS | 20412929PubMed |
Cherney DJR, Cherney JH, Chase LE, Cox WJ (2004) Milk production in high producing dairy cows as influenced by corn silage quality. The Professional Animal Scientist 20, 302–311.
Eastridge ML (1999) Brown midrib corn silage. In ‘Proceedings of the Tri-State dairy nutrition conference’. (Ed. ML Eastridge) pp. 179–190. (The Ohio State University: Columbus, OH)
Eastridge ML (2006) Major advances in applied dairy cattle nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science 89, 1311–1323.
| Major advances in applied dairy cattle nutrition.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28Xjt1Sjsb0%3D&md5=a5cc5788cca244014749f44cd839638aCAS | 16537963PubMed |
Ebling TL, Kung L (2004) A comparison of processed conventional corn silage to unprocessed and processed brown midrib corn silage on intake, digestion, and milk production by dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 87, 2519–2526.
| A comparison of processed conventional corn silage to unprocessed and processed brown midrib corn silage on intake, digestion, and milk production by dairy cows.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXotVynsL8%3D&md5=77100ffb21581b7de4ca6553088efa44CAS | 15328275PubMed |
Frenchick GE, Johnson DG, Murphy JM, Otterby DE (1976) Brown midrib corn silage in dairy cattle rations. Journal of Dairy Science 59, 2126–2129.
| Brown midrib corn silage in dairy cattle rations.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Fuentes MC, Calsamiglia S, Cardozo PW, Vlaeminck B (2009) Effect of pH and level of concentrate in the diet on the production of biohydrogenation intermediates in a dual-flow continuous culture. Journal of Dairy Science 92, 4456–4466.
| Effect of pH and level of concentrate in the diet on the production of biohydrogenation intermediates in a dual-flow continuous culture.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXhtVKqtr%2FK&md5=c7400f0c58d3768a768d1de1c3f39d91CAS | 19700707PubMed |
Gehman AM, Kononoff PJ, Mullins CR, Janicek BN (2008) Evaluation of nitrogen utilization and the effects of monensin in dairy cows fed brown midrib corn silage. Journal of Dairy Science 91, 288–300.
| Evaluation of nitrogen utilization and the effects of monensin in dairy cows fed brown midrib corn silage.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXhsVGjug%3D%3D&md5=4c412b87773475c9d5555ee14cce0b80CAS | 18096951PubMed |
Gencoglu H, Shaver R, Lauer J (2008) Brown midrib corn silage for lactating dairy cows: a contemporary review. Available at http://www.uwex.edu/ces/dairynutrition/documents/BMRfeedingtrialreview2008web.pdf [Verified 11 May 2014]
Goering HK, Van Soest PJ (1970) ‘Forage fiber analysis (apparatus, reagents, procedures, and some applications).’ Agric. Handbook No. 379. (Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture: Washington, DC)
Greenfield TL, Baldwin RL, Erdman RA, Mcleod KR (2001) Ruminal fermentation and intestinal flow of nutrients by lactating cows consuming brown midrib corn silages. Journal of Dairy Science 84, 2469–2477.
| Ruminal fermentation and intestinal flow of nutrients by lactating cows consuming brown midrib corn silages.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXptVGltLo%3D&md5=5cd4ca9682be4eacb6e7e1629955b3faCAS | 11768088PubMed |
Guaita MS, Fernández HH (Eds) (2011) ‘Tablas de composición química de alimentos para rumiantes.’ 2nd edn. (Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Publicaciones Regionales: Centro Regional Buenos Aires Sur)
Harvatine KJ, Boisclair YR, Bauman DE (2009) Recent advances in the regulation of milk fat synthesis. Animal 3, 40–54.
| Recent advances in the regulation of milk fat synthesis.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXhtVSns73K&md5=8ec2f768fe18d25a1655a7ee9cb8ed48CAS | 22444171PubMed |
Holt MS, Williams CM, Dschaak CM, Eun J-S, Young AJ (2010) Effects of corn silage hybrids and dietary nonforage fiber sources on feed intake, digestibility, ruminal fermentation, and productive performance of lactating Holstein dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 93, 5397–5407.
| Effects of corn silage hybrids and dietary nonforage fiber sources on feed intake, digestibility, ruminal fermentation, and productive performance of lactating Holstein dairy cows.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXnvVSjsw%3D%3D&md5=b290a3d0956e5911130cae869651a63aCAS | 20965355PubMed |
Holt MS, Eun J-S, Thacker CR, Young AJ, Dai X, Nestor KE (2013) Effects of feeding brown midrib corn silage with a high dietary concentration of alfalfa hay on lactational performance of Holstein dairy cows for the first 180 days of lactation. Journal of Dairy Science 96, 515–523.
| Effects of feeding brown midrib corn silage with a high dietary concentration of alfalfa hay on lactational performance of Holstein dairy cows for the first 180 days of lactation.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38XhvV2rsLzP&md5=4cdd45360922e883a7e0b6efb0b4725dCAS | 23182359PubMed |
Horneck DA, Miller RO (1998) Determination of total nitrogen in plant tissue. In ‘Handbook of reference methods for plant analysis’. (Ed. YP Kalra) pp. 75–83. (Soil and Plant Analysis Council, Inc., CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL)
Jung HG (2012) Forage digestibility: the intersection of cell wall lignification and plant tissue anatomy. In ‘Proceedings of the 23rd annual Florida ruminant nutrition symposium’. pp. 162–174. (University of Florida: Gainesville, FL)
Keith EA, Colenbrander VF, Lechtenberg VL, Bauman LF (1979) Nutritional value of brown midrib corn silage for lactating dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 62, 788–792.
| Nutritional value of brown midrib corn silage for lactating dairy cows.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Komarek AR, Robertson JB, Van Soest PJ (1993) A comparison of methods for determining ADF using the filter bag technique versus conventional filtration. Journal of Dairy Science 77, 01
Komarek AR, Robertson JB, Van Soest PJ (1994) Comparison of the filter bag technique to conventional filtration in the Van Soest NDF analysis of 21 feeds. In ‘Proceedings of the national conference on forage quality, evaluation and utilization’. (Ed. GC Fahey Jr) p 78. (University of Nebraska: Lincoln, NE)
Kung L, Moulder BM, Mulrooney CM, Teller RS, Schmidt RJ (2008) The effect of silage cutting height on the nutritive value of a normal corn silage hybrid compared with brown midrib corn silage fed to lactating cows. Journal of Dairy Science 91, 1451–1457.
| The effect of silage cutting height on the nutritive value of a normal corn silage hybrid compared with brown midrib corn silage fed to lactating cows.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXktVelsbk%3D&md5=5acbdb49cdd55f39955a5f733349963fCAS | 18349238PubMed |
Lippke H (2002) Estimation of forage intake by ruminants on pasture. Crop Science 42, 869–872.
| Estimation of forage intake by ruminants on pasture.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Lippke H, Ellis WC, Jacobs BF (1986) Recovery of indigestible fiber from feces of sheep and cattle on forage diets. Journal of Dairy Science 69, 403–412.
| Recovery of indigestible fiber from feces of sheep and cattle on forage diets.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Lucy MC (2008) Functional differences in the growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor axis in cattle and pigs: implications for post-partum nutrition and reproduction. Reproduction in Domestic Animals 43, 31–39.
| Functional differences in the growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor axis in cattle and pigs: implications for post-partum nutrition and reproduction.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 18638098PubMed |
Lucy MC, Jiang H, Kobayashi Y (2001) Changes in the somatotrophic axis associated with the initiation of lactation. Journal of Dairy Science 84, E113–E119.
| Changes in the somatotrophic axis associated with the initiation of lactation.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXlvFalsLo%3D&md5=980db5251313976441059abe968c6923CAS |
Mahanna B (2010) Growing conditions affect silage quality. Feedstuffs 82, 1–2.
McRae JC, Armstrong DG (1968) Enzyme method for determination of alpha-linked glucose polymers in biological materials. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 19, 578–581.
| Enzyme method for determination of alpha-linked glucose polymers in biological materials.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Morris LD (1948) Quantitative determination of carbohydrates with Dreywood’s anthrone reagent. Science 107, 254–255.
| Quantitative determination of carbohydrates with Dreywood’s anthrone reagent.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaH1cXitFGksQ%3D%3D&md5=4ac277916ca2fd62e1d0ce3e3b09e441CAS |
National Research Council (2001) ‘Nutrient requirements of dairy cattle.’ 7th rev. edn. (National Academy Press: Washington, DC)
Oba M, Allen MS (1999a) Effects of brown midrib 3 mutation in corn silage on dry matter intake and productivity of high yielding dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 82, 135–142.
| Effects of brown midrib 3 mutation in corn silage on dry matter intake and productivity of high yielding dairy cows.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXpsVOkug%3D%3D&md5=641775d712866806b4f4fba717782e2eCAS | 10022015PubMed |
Oba M, Allen MS (1999b) Evaluation of the importance of the digestibility of neutral detergent fiber from forage: effects on dry matter intake and milk yield of dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 82, 589–596.
| Evaluation of the importance of the digestibility of neutral detergent fiber from forage: effects on dry matter intake and milk yield of dairy cows.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXitVWjtLg%3D&md5=3db928749ec787803eb57984c5b5cd7eCAS | 10194678PubMed |
Oba M, Allen MS (2000a) Effects of brown midrib 3 mutation in corn silage on productivity of dairy cows fed two concentrations of dietary neutral detergent fiber: 1. Feeding behavior and nutrient utilization. Journal of Dairy Science 83, 1333–1341.
| Effects of brown midrib 3 mutation in corn silage on productivity of dairy cows fed two concentrations of dietary neutral detergent fiber: 1. Feeding behavior and nutrient utilization.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXkt1amsLw%3D&md5=00bdb0946f4b66b8cb067536e46e23adCAS | 10877399PubMed |
Oba M, Allen MS (2000b) Effects of brown midrib 3 mutation in corn silage on productivity of dairy cows fed two concentrations of dietary neutral detergent fiber: 3. Digestibility and microbial efficiency. Journal of Dairy Science 83, 1350–1358.
| Effects of brown midrib 3 mutation in corn silage on productivity of dairy cows fed two concentrations of dietary neutral detergent fiber: 3. Digestibility and microbial efficiency.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXkt1amsLo%3D&md5=0b9d6ab1506bb1fe7e4e968d714ecaefCAS | 10877401PubMed |
Oba M, Allen MS (2011) The impact of improving NDF digestibility of corn silage on dairy cow performance. In ‘Proceedings of the 22nd annual Florida ruminant nutrition symposium’. pp. 105–117. (University of Florida: Gainesville, FL)
Rook JA, Muller LD, Shank DB (1977) Intake and digestibility of brown midrib corn silage by lactating dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 60, 1894–1904.
| Intake and digestibility of brown midrib corn silage by lactating dairy cows.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaE1cXhtF2ksb0%3D&md5=0a2184d905e6a1906dcc67fe3be5ec14CAS |
SAS/STAT (2002) ‘SAS System for Windows 9.0.’ (SAS Institute Incorporation: Cary, NC)
Shingfield KJ, Griinari JM (2007) Role of biohydrogenation intermediates in milk fat depression. European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology 109, 799–816.
| Role of biohydrogenation intermediates in milk fat depression.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXhtVSnsrrM&md5=2f089374e0b0d93aee23be921d60621eCAS |
Stone WC, Chase LE, Overton TR, Nestor KE (2012) Brown midrib corn silage fed during the peripartal period increased intake and resulted in a persistent increase in milk solids yield of Holstein cows. Journal of Dairy Science 95, 6665–6676.
| Brown midrib corn silage fed during the peripartal period increased intake and resulted in a persistent increase in milk solids yield of Holstein cows.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38XhsFCks7zN&md5=f345b4e60bc74fca8158a5cb347de706CAS | 22959939PubMed |
Sukhija PS, Palmquist DL (1990) Dissociation of calcium soaps of long-chain fatty acids in rumen fluid. Journal of Dairy Science 73, 1784–1787.
| Dissociation of calcium soaps of long-chain fatty acids in rumen fluid.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaK3cXlvFShsL8%3D&md5=9367a18f5238d963f8e8403c494d6030CAS | 2229592PubMed |
Taylor CC, Allen MS (2005a) Corn grain endosperm type and brown midrib 3 corn silage: feeding behavior and milk yield of lactating cows. Journal of Dairy Science 88, 1425–1433.
| Corn grain endosperm type and brown midrib 3 corn silage: feeding behavior and milk yield of lactating cows.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXivVykur4%3D&md5=40b1f1fc499c0c0ae22b36ba9a1cd7d3CAS | 15778311PubMed |
Taylor CC, Allen MS (2005b) Corn grain endosperm type and brown midrib 3 corn silage: ruminal fermentation and N partitioning in lactating cows. Journal of Dairy Science 88, 1434–1442.
| Corn grain endosperm type and brown midrib 3 corn silage: ruminal fermentation and N partitioning in lactating cows.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXivVykur8%3D&md5=5e59ccee7d4b93c5aa35e2049fc5409aCAS | 15778312PubMed |
Taylor CC, Allen MS (2005c) Corn grain endosperm type and brown midrib 3 corn silage: site of digestion and ruminal digestion kinetics in lactating cows. Journal of Dairy Science 88, 1413–1424.
| Corn grain endosperm type and brown midrib 3 corn silage: site of digestion and ruminal digestion kinetics in lactating cows.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXivVyktbc%3D&md5=f851ec2a0f8e66fcf0d28f5a00680963CAS | 15778310PubMed |
Tine MA, Mcleod KR, Erdman RA, Baldwin RLVI (2001) Effects of brown midrib corn silage on the energy balance of dairy cattle. Journal of Dairy Science 84, 885–895.
| Effects of brown midrib corn silage on the energy balance of dairy cattle.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXjtFyksLk%3D&md5=12d3de8b382b03e481147e5001279cd1CAS | 11352165PubMed |
Tucker AH (2000) Symposium: hormonal regulation of milk synthesis. Hormones, mammary growth, and lactation: a 41-year perspective. Journal of Dairy Science 83, 874–884.
| Symposium: hormonal regulation of milk synthesis. Hormones, mammary growth, and lactation: a 41-year perspective.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXivFWltLY%3D&md5=fded6104a6ef27b929afe77d6564ff94CAS |
Weiss WP, Wyatt DJ (2006) Effect of corn silage hybrid and metabolizable protein supply on nitrogen metabolism of lactating dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 89, 1644–1653.
| Effect of corn silage hybrid and metabolizable protein supply on nitrogen metabolism of lactating dairy cows.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XktVOhsbY%3D&md5=a227fbf0fefe51acff5304b29e45b764CAS | 16606734PubMed |
