Liveweight prediction from hip height, condition score, fetal age and breed in tropical female cattle
Geoffry Fordyce A B G , Angela Anderson C , Kieren McCosker D , Paul J. Williams A E , Richard G. Holroyd A F , Nick J. Corbet A E and Michael S. Sullivan A FA Cooperative Research Centre for Beef Genetic Technologies, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia.
B Centre for Animal Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Qld 4067, Australia.
C Agri-Science Queensland, Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Spyglass Beef Cattle Research Facility, MS 99, Charters Towers, Qld 4820, Australia.
D Department of Resources, Katherine Research Station, NT 0851, Australia.
E CSIRO Livestock Industries, PO Box 5545, Rockhampton, Qld 4702, Australia.
F Agri-Science Queensland, Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, PO Box 6014, Rockhampton, Qld 4702, Australia.
G Corresponding author. Email: g.fordyce@uq.edu.au
Animal Production Science 53(4) 275-282 https://doi.org/10.1071/AN12253
Submitted: 24 July 2012 Accepted: 9 October 2012 Published: 14 January 2013
Abstract
Hip height, body condition, subcutaneous fat, eye muscle area, percentage Bos taurus, fetal age and diet digestibility data were collected at 17 372 assessments on 2181 Brahman and tropical composite (average 28% Brahman) female cattle aged between 0.5 and 7.5 years of age at five sites across Queensland. The study validated the subtraction of previously published estimates of gravid uterine weight to correct liveweight to the non-pregnant status. Hip height and liveweight were linearly related (Brahman: P < 0.001, R2 = 58%; tropical composite P < 0.001, R2 = 67%). Liveweight varied by 12–14% per body condition score (5-point scale) as cows differed from moderate condition (P < 0.01). Parallel effects were also found due to subcutaneous rump fat depth and eye muscle area, which were highly correlated with each other and body condition score (r = 0.7–0.8). Liveweight differed from average by 1.65–1.66% per mm of rump fat depth and 0.71–0.76% per cm2 of eye muscle area (P < 0.01). Estimated dry matter digestibility of pasture consumed had no consistent effect in predicting liveweight and was therefore excluded from final models. A method developed to estimate full liveweight of post-weaning age female beef cattle from the other measures taken predicted liveweight to within 10 and 23% of that recorded for 65 and 95% of cases, respectively. For a 95% chance of predicted group average liveweight (body condition score used) being within 5, 4, 3, 2 and 1% of actual group average liveweight required 23, 36, 62, 137 and 521 females, respectively, if precision and accuracy of measurements matches that used in the research. Non-pregnant Bos taurus female cattle were calculated to be 10–40% heavier than Brahmans at the same hip height and body condition, indicating a substantial conformational difference. The liveweight prediction method was applied to a validation population of 83 unrelated groups of cattle weighed in extensive commercial situations on 119 days over 18 months (20 917 assessments). Liveweight prediction in the validation population exceeded average recorded liveweight for weigh groups by an average of 19 kg (~6%) demonstrating the difficulty of achieving accurate and precise animal measurements under extensive commercial grazing conditions.
Additional keywords: beef cattle, pregnancy, tropics.
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