Current recommended levels of dietary lysine in finisher pig diets are sufficient to maximise the response to ractopamine over 28 days but are insufficient in the first 7 days
C. V. Rikard-Bell A B I , J. R. Pluske B , R. J. van Barneveld C , B. P. Mullan D , A. C. Edwards E , N. J. Gannon F , D. J. Henman G and F. R. Dunshea HA Elanco Animal Health, West Ryde, NSW 2114, Australia.
B Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia.
C Barneveld Nutrition, Springwood, Qld 4127, Australia.
D Western Australian Department of Agriculture and Food, South Perth, WA 6151, Australia.
E ACE Consulting, Cockatoo Valley, SA 5440, Australia.
F University of Queensland, Gatton, Qld 4343, Australia.
G Rivalea Australia Pty Ltd, Corowa, NSW 2646, Australia.
H Faculty of Land and Food Resources, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic. 3010, Australia.
I Corresponding author. Email: c.rikardbell@elanco.com
Animal Production Science 53(1) 38-45 https://doi.org/10.1071/AN11348
Submitted: 13 December 2011 Accepted: 20 June 2012 Published: 15 November 2012
Abstract
Dietary ractopamine increases lean tissue deposition and responses increase as dose is increased provided sufficient dietary lysine is supplied. In Australia, diets supplemented with ractopamine (RAC) are formulated with 0.56 g available lysine per MJ digestible energy. The present study was conducted to investigate the interactions between dietary RAC and lysine on growth and carcass characteristics in ad libitum fed (13.8 MJ/kg) boars and gilts. The study involved 108 individually penned pigs at 17 weeks of age (64.1 ± 0.57 kg) in a 2 by 2 by 3 factorial design, with the respective factors being sex (gilt or boar), dietary lysine (low and high, i.e. 0.56 or 0.65 g available lysine/MJ digestible energy, respectively) and dietary RAC (0, 5 or 20 mg/kg) for 28 days. Over the 28-day study duration, both lysine diets containing dietary RAC were sufficient to elicit a response in average daily gain (ADG) (+5.8%, P = 0.026) and carcass weight (3%, P = 0.045), but not in feed efficiency (FE) (P = 0.555). However, over the period of the first 7 days, there were interactions between the effects of RAC and lysine for FE (P = 0.025) and ADG (P = 0.023), with both traits being responsive only to dietary RAC containing the high lysine, which increased FE (+9.1%, P = 0.002) and ADG (+7.2%, P = 0.068). Dietary RAC improved FE in the latter stages of the study, namely Days 15–21 (+5.7%, P = 0.031) and Days 22–28 (+4.9%, P = 0.040). The high RAC diet reduced carcass P2 backfat (–16.5%, P < 0.001) and fat tissue deposition (–6.2%, P = 0.074) and high lysine tended to reduce fat tissue deposition (–13.3%, P = 0.072). A sex by lysine interaction (P = 0.043) was observed for lean tissue deposition at 28 days, such that only the high-lysine diet increased lean deposition in boars (+11%, P < 0.05) but not in gilts. Dietary RAC tended to increase lean deposition (+14.0%, P = 0.067) in the first 14 days; however, only the high RAC diet increased lean deposition (+9.6%, P < 0.05) over 28 days. In conclusion, the current recommended supplementation levels of lysine for commercial gilts and boars fed RAC may limit the response to dietary RAC if the feeding regime is for short durations and boars will not maximise their lean tissue deposition rates.
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