Genomic selection in French dairy cattle
D. Boichard A F , F. Guillaume A B , A. Baur C , P. Croiseau A , M. N. Rossignol D , M. Y. Boscher D , T. Druet E , L. Genestout D , J. J. Colleau A , L. Journaux C , V. Ducrocq A and S. Fritz CA INRA, UMR1313 Gabi, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
B Institut de l’Elevage, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
C UNCEIA, 149 Rue de Bercy, 75595 Paris, France.
D Labogena, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
E Liège University, Belgium.
F Corresponding author. Email: didier.boichard@jouy.inra.fr
Animal Production Science 52(3) 115-120 https://doi.org/10.1071/AN11119
Submitted: 21 June 2011 Accepted: 27 November 2011 Published: 6 March 2012
Journal Compilation © CSIRO Publishing 2012 Open Access CC BY-NC-ND
Abstract
Genomic selection is implemented in French Holstein, Montbéliarde, and Normande breeds (70%, 16% and 12% of French dairy cows). A characteristic of the model for genomic evaluation is the use of haplotypes instead of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), so as to maximise linkage disequilibrium between markers and quantitative trait loci (QTLs). For each trait, a QTL-BLUP model (i.e. a best linear unbiased prediction model including QTL random effects) includes 300–700 trait-dependent chromosomal regions selected either by linkage disequilibrium and linkage analysis or by elastic net. This model requires an important effort to phase genotypes, detect QTLs, select SNPs, but was found to be the most efficient one among all tested ones. QTLs are defined within breed and many of them were found to be breed specific. Reference populations include 1800 and 1400 bulls in Montbéliarde and Normande breeds. In Holstein, the very large reference population of 18 300 bulls originates from the EuroGenomics consortium. Since 2008, ~65 000 animals have been genotyped for selection by Labogena with the 50k chip. Bulls genomic estimated breeding values (GEBVs) were made official in June 2009. In 2010, the market share of the young bulls reached 30% and is expected to increase rapidly. Advertising actions have been undertaken to recommend a time-restricted use of young bulls with a limited number of doses. In January 2011, genomic selection was opened to all farmers for females. Current developments focus on the extension of the method to a multi-breed context, to use all reference populations simultaneously in genomic evaluation.
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