What is the best additive to use at the ensiling of sugarcane SP81-3250?
C. H. S. Rabelo A D , A. P. Costa B , A. V. Rezende B , C. J. Härter A , L. A. Florentino B and F. H. S. Rabelo CA UNESP, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Department of Animal Sciences, 14884-900, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil.
B UNIFENAS, Agriculture Department, Rodovia MG 179, km 0, 37130-000, Alfenas, MG, Brazil.
C Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, 13418-900, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
D Corresponding author. Email: carlos.zoo@hotmail.com
Animal Production Science 54(10) 1682-1686 https://doi.org/10.1071/AN14158
Submitted: 7 March 2014 Accepted: 18 June 2014 Published: 19 August 2014
Abstract
Our objective was to determine the best additive to use for the ensiling of sugarcane SP81-3250 based on the nutritional properties and aerobic stability of the silages. The additives evaluated were (1) and (2): salt (NaCl) at rates of 1.0 or 2.0 kg/100 kg fresh sugarcane (as-is basis), respectively; (3) and (4): quicklime (CaO) at rates of 1.0 or 2.0 kg/100 kg fresh sugarcane, respectively; (5) and (6): commercial inoculants Silobac® and Maize All®; and a control treatment. The addition of quicklime reduced the NDF and ADF contents of the silages by 11% compared with the control treatment, but did not increase the digestibility. On the other hand, after 24 h of in vitro fermentation, the application of 1.0 and 2.0% salt reduced the gas production by 34.15 and 33.55 mL/g OM, respectively, and the IVOMD was reduced 5.74 and 5.90%, respectively, compared with the untreated silage. Moreover, the addition of quicklime elevated the pH of the sugarcane silages, with a trend towards an increase in the DM recovery. In contrast, the bacterial inoculants did not alter the pH values, but there was an upward trend for a DM recovery. After the silos were opened, the silages that were treated with salt (independent of the dose) and 1.0% quicklime exhibited greater stability. We recommend applying 1.0 kg of quicklime to each 100 kg of sugarcane at the time of ensiling to improve the nutritional characteristics of sugarcane silage variety SP81-3250.
Additional keywords: animal nutrition, digestibility, quicklime, Lactobacillus spp., sodium chloride.
References
Association of Official Analytical Chemist (AOAC) (1996) ‘Official methods of analysis.’ (Washington, DC)Bergen WG (1972) Rumen osmolality as a factor in feed intake control of sheep. Journal of Animal Science 34, 1054–1060.
Cavali J, Pereira OG, Valadares Filho SC, Santos EM, Carvalho GGP, Santos MV, Porto MO, Rodrigues JFH (2010) Bromatological and microbiological characteristics of sugarcane silages treated with calcium oxide. Brazilian Journal of Animal Science 39, 1398–1408.
| Bromatological and microbiological characteristics of sugarcane silages treated with calcium oxide.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Freitas AWP, Pereira JC, Rocha FC, Detmann E, Barbosa MHP, Ribeiro MD, Costa MG (2006) Evaluation of the nutritional divergence of sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) genotypes. Brazilian Journal of Animal Science 35, 229–236.
| Evaluation of the nutritional divergence of sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) genotypes.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Klopfenstein TJ (1980) Increasing the nutritive value of crop residues by chemical treatments. In ‘Upgrading residues and products for animals’. (Ed. CRC Press) pp. 40–60. (CRC: Boca Raton, FL)
Kung L, Stanley RW (1982) Effect of stage of maturity on the nutritive value of whole-plant sugarcane preserved as silage. Journal of Animal Science 54, 689–696.
Kung L Jr, Stokes MR, Lin CJ (2003) Silage additives. In ‘Silage science and technology’. (Eds DR Buxton, RE Muck, JH Harrison) pp. 305–360. (ASA, CSSA, SSSA: Wisconsin)
Mauricio RM, Mould FL, Dhanoa MS, Owen E, Channa KS, Theodorou MK (1999) A semi-automated in vitro gas production technique for ruminant feedstuff evaluation. Animal Feed Science and Technology 79, 321–330.
| A semi-automated in vitro gas production technique for ruminant feedstuff evaluation.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
McDonald P, Henderson N, Heron S (1991) ‘The biochemistry of silage.’ (Chalcombe Publications: New York)
Menke KH, Raab L, Salewski A, Steingass H, Fritz D, Schneider W (1979) The estimation of the digestibility and metabolisable energy content of ruminant feeding stuffs from the gas production when they are incubated with rumen liquor in vitro. The Journal of Agricultural Science 93, 217–222.
| The estimation of the digestibility and metabolisable energy content of ruminant feeding stuffs from the gas production when they are incubated with rumen liquor in vitro.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaE1MXlsFKitbc%3D&md5=24fee39c14dc618256dd838b10464ef0CAS |
Millen DD, Pacheco RDL, Arrigoni MDB, Galyean ML, Vasconcelos JT (2009) A snapshot of management practices and nutritional recommendations used by feedlot nutritionists in Brazil. Journal of Animal Science 87, 3427–3439.
| A snapshot of management practices and nutritional recommendations used by feedlot nutritionists in Brazil.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXht1WksL3E&md5=28eadcaf405fc043542b8a09486e8173CAS | 19574564PubMed |
Moon N (1983) Inhibition of the growth of acid tolerant yeasts by acetate, lactate and propionate and their synergistic mixtures. The Journal of Applied Bacteriology 55, 453–460.
| Inhibition of the growth of acid tolerant yeasts by acetate, lactate and propionate and their synergistic mixtures.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaL2cXpvFOlsg%3D%3D&md5=611ee4f4a017b384fb72f843ea5365a6CAS |
Muck RE, Filya I, Contreras-Govea FE (2007) Inoculant effects on alfalfa silage: in vitro gas and volatile acid production. Journal of Dairy Science 90, 5115–5125.
| Inoculant effects on alfalfa silage: in vitro gas and volatile acid production.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXht1Kru7zI&md5=0593c74ed93b18ed66edfb07a5c48e5bCAS | 17954752PubMed |
Pedroso AF, Nussio LG, Loures DRS, Paziani SF, Ribeiro JL, Mari LJ, Zopollatto M, Schmidt P, Mattos WRS, Horii J (2008) Fermentation, losses, and aerobic stability of sugarcane silages treated with chemical or bacterial additives. Scientia Agricola 65, 589–594.
| Fermentation, losses, and aerobic stability of sugarcane silages treated with chemical or bacterial additives.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Pell AN, Schofield P (1993) Computerized monitoring of gas production to measure forage digestion in vitro. Journal of Dairy Science 76, 1063–1073.
| Computerized monitoring of gas production to measure forage digestion in vitro.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:STN:280:DyaK3s3ltlWntQ%3D%3D&md5=b234106a19c96f0605c8f6418c46a19bCAS | 8486838PubMed |
Rabelo FHS, Rezende AV, Rabelo CHS, Nogueira DA, Silva WA, Vieira PF, Santos WB (2013) Intake and performance of lambs fed with sugarcane silages treated with whitewash and sodium chloride. Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia 65, 1158–1164.
| Intake and performance of lambs fed with sugarcane silages treated with whitewash and sodium chloride.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3sXhvFGku7nI&md5=40565775963a4052bb33b9d776393ddcCAS |
Rezende AV, Rabelo CHS, Rabelo FHS, Nogueira DA, Faria Junior DCNA, Barbosa LA (2011) Fermentation losses and aerobic stability of sugarcane silages treated with whitewash and sodium chlorite. Brazilian Journal of Animal Science 40, 739–746.
| Fermentation losses and aerobic stability of sugarcane silages treated with whitewash and sodium chlorite.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Siqueira GR, Schocken-Iturrino RP, Roth APTP, Domingues FN, Ferraudo AS, Reis RA (2011) Calcium oxide and Lactobacillus buchneri NCIMB 40788 in the ensiling of in natura or burned sugar cane. Brazilian Journal of Animal Science 40, 2347–2358.
| Calcium oxide and Lactobacillus buchneri NCIMB 40788 in the ensiling of in natura or burned sugar cane.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Van Soest PJ, Robertson JB, Lewis BA (1991) Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch polyssacharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science 74, 3583–3597.
| Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch polyssacharides in relation to animal nutrition.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:STN:280:DyaK38%2FnvVCltA%3D%3D&md5=1b837d0361716b7c813fff797a7701e0CAS | 1660498PubMed |
Woolford MK (1990) A review: the detrimental effects of air on silage. The Journal of Applied Bacteriology 68, 101–116.
| A review: the detrimental effects of air on silage.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:STN:280:DyaK3c3gt1GmtA%3D%3D&md5=83dac42c0351a14c300f94817bde3f91CAS | 2180886PubMed |