Equine helminth prevalence and management practices on Australian properties as shown by coprological survey and written questionnaire
A. M. Beasley
A E , A. C. Kotze B , T. S. Barnes A C and G. T. Coleman A D
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Qld 4343, Australia.
B CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Queensland Bioscience Precinct, 306 Carmody Road, St Lucia, Qld 4067, Australia.
C Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Qld 4343, Australia.
D Faculty of Health, Engineering and Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, West Street, Darling Heights, Qld 4350, Australia.
E Corresponding author. Email: a.beasley@uq.edu.au
Animal Production Science 60(18) 2131-2144 https://doi.org/10.1071/AN18378
Submitted: 12 June 2018 Accepted: 17 September 2019 Published: 29 June 2020
Abstract
Context: Parasite control is an essential part of a broader equine health-management strategy and is often completely administered by the horse owner, with little or no supporting evidence on which to base decisions. Practical and sound advice relies on knowledge of the resident parasite species, the anthelmintic resistance status of important species, and the strategies currently being utilised by owners and managers of horses. Much of this farm-level information is lacking in the Australian literature.
Aims: The present study aimed to gather both farm- and horse-level prevalence data for four important equine helminth species and to gather information on the current worm-management practices conducted on Australian horse farms.
Methods: We conducted a coprological survey of cyathostomins, Strongylus vulgaris, Parascaris spp. and equine tapeworm on 102 horse properties, using a combination of classical and molecular parasitological methods, including a tapeworm polymerase chain reaction developed as part of the study. A questionnaire canvasing horse owners on internal parasite-control practices was also distributed.
Key results: Cyathostomin were present on all farms surveyed and S. vulgaris, despite being considered rare, was present on 7.8% (95% CI: 3.9–15.0) of farms. The prevalence of Parascaris spp. and equine tapeworm was 33.3% (95% CI: 19.6–50.6) and 3.9% (95% CI: 1.5–10.1) respectively. Questionnaire responses showed that the majority (85.0%) of horse owners administer anthelmintics at regular intervals of 12 weeks or less, and only 2.6% utilise faecal egg counts to inform treatment decisions.
Conclusions: Prevalence data confirmed the endemic nature of cyathostomin and P. equorum infections, as well as low levels of tapeworm and S. vulgaris infections on Australian horse farms. Worm-management practices were reminiscent of traditional interval-style treatment regimens that rely heavily on macrocyclic lactone anthelmintics.
Implications: These results suggest a need for more strategic approaches to internal-parasite control in horses to slow the development of anthelmintic resistance. Such programs need to consider the risk of re-establishment of the pathogenic S. vulgaris in significant numbers.
Additional keywords: anthelminthics, horses, management, parasitology, worms.
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