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Plant function and evolutionary biology
RESEARCH ARTICLE

Drought and frost resistance vary between evergreen and deciduous Atlantic Forest canopy trees

Débora di Francescantonio https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1495-9955 A B E , Mariana Villagra https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4096-9425 A B , Guillermo Goldstein C and Paula I. Campanello A D
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations

A Laboratorio de Ecología Forestal y Ecofisiología, Instituto de Biología Subtropical, Universidad Nacional de Misiones (UNaM)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET). Bertoni 85, Puerto Iguazú (N3370BFA), Misiones, Argentina.

B Asociación Civil Centro de Investigaciones del Bosque Atlántico (CeIBA). Bertoni 85, Puerto Iguazú (N3370BFA), Misiones, Argentina.

C Laboratorio de Ecología Funcional, Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Instituto IEGEBA (CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CABA, C1428EGA, Argentina.

D Centro de Estudios Ambientales Integrados, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco, CONICET, RN Nº 259 - Km 16.4, Esquel (9200), Chubut, Argentina.

E Corresponding author. Email: debodifra@gmail.com

Functional Plant Biology 47(9) 779-791 https://doi.org/10.1071/FP19282
Submitted: 5 October 2019  Accepted: 27 March 2020   Published: 9 June 2020

Abstract

Frost and drought are key stress factors limiting the growth and distribution of tree species. Resistance to stress involves energy costs that may result in trade-offs between different functional traits. Structures or mechanisms that can help to withstand stress imply differences in the carbon economy of the species. Although adaptive responses to frost and drought resistance are usually of a similar nature, they are rarely assessed simultaneously. We investigated these resistance mechanisms in 10 canopy tree species coexisting in the semi-deciduous subtropical forests of northern Argentina. We measured leaf lifespan, anatomical, photosynthetic and water relations traits and performed a thermal analysis in leaves to determined ice nucleation and tissue damage temperatures. Our results showed that evergreen and deciduous species have different adaptive responses to cope with freezing temperatures and water deficits. Evergreen species exhibited cold tolerance, while deciduous species were more resistant to hydraulic dysfunction and showed greater water transport efficiency. Further research is needed to elucidate resistance strategies to stress factors at the whole tree- and stand level, and possible links with hydraulic safety and efficiency among different phenological groups. This will allow us to predict the responses of subtropical forest species to changes in environmental conditions under climate change scenarios.

Additional keywords: electron transport rate, frost resistance, hydraulic traits, leaf economics spectrum, leaf habit, trade-off, turgor loss point, water availability.


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