Replacing synthetic N with clovers or alfalfa in bermudagrass pastures. 1. Herbage mass and pasture carrying capacity
P. Beck A D , T. Hess B , D. Hubbell B , M. S. Gadberry C , J. Jennings C and M. Sims A
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Southwest Research and Extension Centre, University of Arkansas, Division of Agriculture, Hope, AR 71801, USA.
B Livestock and Forestry Research Station, University of Arkansas, Division of Agriculture, Batesville, AR 72501, USA.
C Cooperative Extension Service, University of Arkansas, Division of Agriculture, Little Rock, AR 72204, USA.
D Corresponding author. Email: pbeck@uaex.edu
Animal Production Science 57(3) 539-546 https://doi.org/10.1071/AN15045
Submitted: 28 January 2015 Accepted: 9 December 2015 Published: 20 April 2016
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of including alfalfa (ALF, Medicago sativa L.) or a combination of white (Trifolium repens L.) and red (Trifolium pretense L.) clovers (CLVR) inter-seeded into bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L. Pers.) on herbage nutritive value compared with monocultures of bermudagrass fertilised with 0 (0N), 56 (56N), or 112 (112N) kg nitrogen (N)/ha over four grazing seasons. In autumn, at the end of the fourth year and in the spring before the fifth grazing season, alfalfa and clover plants were killed and the carryover N benefit of CLVR or ALF was compared with N fertilisation rates during the fifth year. Across years, N fertilisation rate increased herbage mass and carrying capacity linearly; whereas herbage production from CLVR and ALF swards was equivalent to 56N, were greater than 0N and less than 112N. Herbage mass in CLVR and ALF swards was greater than fertilised bermudagrass swards in the spring and did not differ from fertilised bermudagrass in the early summer. In late summer herbage accumulation of CLVR and ALF swards appeared to decrease, limiting the herbage mass in the legume pastures compared with 56N and 112N. Carrying capacity of CLVR and ALF swards was greater than fertilised bermudagrass in the spring and early summer, but did not differ from fertilised swards in the late summer. The N benefit of including legumes in bermudagrass swards can alleviate the reliance on synthetic N fertilisation with little overall effect on pasture carrying capacity.
Additional keyword: Medicago sativa.
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