Register      Login
Australian Journal of Zoology Australian Journal of Zoology Society
Evolutionary, molecular and comparative zoology
RESEARCH ARTICLE (Open Access)

Location has a significant effect on body condition and blood parameters in the eastern longneck turtle (Chelodina longicollis)

Titus Franciscus Scheelings https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0571-1309 A *
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations

A Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Science, University of Melbourne, Werribee, Vic., Australia.


Handling Editor: Steven Cooper

Australian Journal of Zoology 71, ZO23031 https://doi.org/10.1071/ZO23031
Submitted: 23 August 2023  Accepted: 26 March 2024  Published: 16 April 2024

© 2023 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND)

Abstract

The aim of this investigation was to explore the effect point of capture has on relative weight (Wr), as well as haematology and biochemistry values, in wild eastern longneck turtles (Chelodina longicollis). This study group consisted of two sites of turtles residing in Duck Pond (DP) and Ivanhoe Wetland (IW) in the Darebin Parklands, in Alphington, Melbourne. From DP, 184 turtles were captured, and from IW, 37 turtles were captured. All turtles were weighed and measured, and a random subset of 20 turtles from each waterbody was selected for blood collection. Significant differences were found to exist for Wr, basophils, glucose, uric acid, triglycerides and bile acids between the two sites. Serum glucose levels tended to decrease as a turtle increased in mass, straight carapace length (SCL) and Wr. The results of this investigation highlight the need to take location into consideration when assessing blood parameters in reptiles.

Keywords: biochemistry, body condition, Chelodina longicollis, eastern longneck turtle, haematology, location, mass, serum glucose.

References

Al-Johany AM, Haffor AS (2005) Increased antioxidant and white blood cell counts and decreased free radical production during mild heat stress in Uromastyx egyptius. Journal of Medical Sciences 5, 311-315.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Andrade DV, Brito SP, Toledo LF, Abe AS (2004) Seasonal changes in blood oxygen transport and acid-base status in the tegu lizard, Tupinambis merianae. Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology 140, 197-208.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Bielli M, Nardini G, Di Girolamo N, Savarino P (2015) Hematological values for adult eastern Hermann’s tortoise (Testudo hermanni boettgeri) in semi-natural conditions. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 27, 68-73.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Bryant GL, Fleming PA, Twomey L, Warren KA (2012) Factors affecting hematology and plasma biochemistry in the southwest carpet python (Morelia spilota imbricata). Journal of Wildlife Diseases 48, 282-294.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Campbell TW, Grant KR (2022a) Evaluation and interpretation of the peripheral blood and bone marrow of reptiles. In ‘Exotic animal hematology and cytology’. (Eds TW Campbell, KR Grant) pp. 399–432. (Wiley Blackwell: Hoboken, NJ, USA)

Campbell TW, Grant KR (2022b) Hematologic techniques for quantitative assessment in reptiles and amphibians. In ‘Exotic animal hematology and cytology’. (Eds TW Campbell, KR Grant) pp. 391–398. (Wiley Blackwell: Hoboken, NJ, USA)

Day RD, Segars AL, Arendt MD, Lee AM, Peden-Adams MM (2007) Relationship of blood mercury levels to health parameters in the loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta). Environmental Health Perspectives 115, 1421-1428.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

de la Navarre BJS (2006) Common procedures in reptiles and amphibians. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice 9, 237-267.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Eva C, Sandra R, Zora K, Vaclav C, Zdenek K (2022) Biochemical blood profile in 20 female veiled chameleons (Chamaeleo calyptratus) aged 7, 9 and 11 months. Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine 40, 72-75.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Flint M, Limpus DJ, Limpus CJ, Patterson-Kane JC, Eales JA, Mills PC (2011) Biochemical and hematological reference intervals for Krefft’s turtles Emydura macquarii krefftii from the Burnett River Catchment, Australia. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 95, 43-48.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Girling SJ, Fraser MA (2011) Cannabis intoxication in three green iguanas (Iguana iguana). Journal of Small Animal Practice 52, 113-116.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Giuseppe MD, Oliveri M, Morici M, Rossi G, Spadola F (2017) Hepatic encephalopathy in a red-tailed boa (Boa constrictor imperator). Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine 26, 96-100.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Heatley JJ, Russell KE (2019) Clincial chemistry. In ‘Mader’s reptile and amphibian medicine and surgery’. (Eds SJ Divers, SJ Stahl) pp. 319–332. (Elsevier: St. Louis, MO, USA)

Howard JG, Jaensch S (2021) Haematology and plasma biochemistry reference intervals in wild bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps). Australian Veterinary Journal 99, 236-241.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Johnson RSP, Harlow PS, Phillips CA, Hall EJS (2018) Baseline morphometric, haematological and plasma biochemical parameters in free-ranging eastern water dragons (Intellagama lesueurii lesueurii). Australian Veterinary Journal 96, 450-457.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Johnstone CP, Reina RD, Lill A (2012) Interpreting indices of physiological stress in free-living vertebrates. Journal of Comparative Physiology B 182, 861-879.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Kennett R, Roe J, Hodges K, Georges A (2009) Chelodina longicollis (Shaw 1794) – eastern long-necked turtle, common long-necked turtle, common snake-necked turtle. Chelonian Research Monographs No. 5, Report number 0965354091. (IUCN/SSC Tortoise and Freshwater Turtle Specialist Group)

Klaphake E, Gibbons PM, Sladky KK, Carpenter JW (2018) Reptiles. In ‘Exotic animal formulary’. (Eds JW Carpenter, CJ Marion) pp. 81–166. (Elsevier: St. Louis, MO, USA)

Knotek Z, Dorrestein GM, Hrdá A, Tomek A, Proks P, Knotková Z, Jekl V, Lewis W (2011a) Hepatocellular carcinoma in a green iguana – a case study. Acta Veterinaria Brno 80, 243-247.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Knotek Z, Knotková Z, Trnková Š, Dorrestein GM, Lewis W (2011b) Chronic liver disease and subchronic nephritis in a male warty chameleon (Furcifer verrucosus) with transient hyperglycaemia – case report. Acta Veterinaria Brno 80, 397-400.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Lewbart GA, Hirschfeld M, Brothers JR, Munoz-Perez JP, Denkinger J, Vinueza L, Garcia J, Lohmann KJ (2015) Blood gases, biochemistry and haematology of Galápagos marine iguanas (Amblyrhynchus cristatus). Conservation Physiology 3, cov034.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Maceda-Veiga A, Figuerola J, Martinez-Silvestre A, Viscor G, Ferrari N, Pacheco M (2015) Inside the Redbox: applications of haematology in wildlife monitoring and ecosystem health assessment. Science of The Total Environment 514, 322-332.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Martínez Silvestre A (2014) How to assess stress in reptiles. Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine 23, 240-243.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Paramita Ray P, Sarkar S, Chaudhuri-Sengupta S, Maiti BR (2008) Adrenomedullary and glycemic alterations following diverse stress in soft-shelled turtles Lissemys punctata punctata Bonnoterre. Endocrine Research 33, 119-127.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Pope KL, Kruse CG (2007) Condition. In ‘Analysis and interpretation of freshwater fisheries data’. (Eds CS Guy, ML Brown) pp. 423–471. (American Fisheries Society)

Rafferty AR, Scheelings TF, Foley LJ, Johnstone CP, Reina RD (2014) Reproductive investment compromises maternal health in three species of freshwater turtle. Physiological and Biochemical Zoology 87, 411-419.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Ray PP, Maiti BR (2001) Adrenomedullary hormonal and glycemic responses to high ambient temperature in the soft-shelled turtle, Lissemys punctata punctata. General and Comparative Endocrinology 122, 17-22.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Rosser MF (2022) Clinical pathology of freshwater turtles. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice 25, 785-804.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Scheelings TF, Rafferty AR (2012) Hematologic and serum biochemical values of gravid freshwater Australian chelonians. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 48, 314-321.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Scheelings TF, Moore RJ, Van TTH, Klaassen M, Reina RD (2020) No correlation between microbiota composition and blood parameters in nesting flatback turtles (Natator depressus). Scientific Reports 10, 8333.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Stacy BA, Whitaker N (2000) Hematology and blood biochemistry of captive mugger crocodiles (Crocodylus palustris). Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 31, 339-347.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Stacy NI, Field CL, Staggs L, MacLean RA, Stacy BA, Keene J, Cacela D, Pelton C, Cray C, Kelley M, Holmes S, Innis CJ (2017) Clinicopathological findings in sea turtles assessed during the Deepwater Horizon oil spill response. Endangered Species Research 33, 25-37.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Stewart K, Norton T, Mohammed H, Browne D, Clements K, Thomas K, Yaw T, Horrocks J (2016) Effects of “swim with the turtles” tourist attractions on green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas) health in Barbados, West Indies. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 52, S104-S117.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Sypek JP, Borysenko M (1988) Reptiles. In ‘Vertebrate blood cells’. (Eds A Rowley, N Ratcliffe) pp. 211–256. (Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, UK)

Van Dyke JU, Ferronato BdO, Spencer R-J (2018) Current conservation status of Australian freshwater turtles. Australian Journal of Zoology 66, 1-3.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |