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Australian Journal of Zoology Australian Journal of Zoology Society
Evolutionary, molecular and comparative zoology
RESEARCH ARTICLE (Open Access)

Multiple trans-Torres Strait colonisations by tree frogs in the Litoria caerulea group, with the description of a new species from New Guinea

Paul M. Oliver https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4291-257X A F , Eric N. Rittmeyer B , Janne Torkkola C , Stephen C. Donnellan D , Chris Dahl E and Stephen J. Richards D
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations

A Centre for Planetary Health and Food Security, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Brisbane, Qld 4121, and Biodiversity and Geosciences Program, Queensland Museum, South Brisbane, Qld 4101, Australia.

B Division of Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia.

C Snake Out Brisbane, 14 Ranger Street, Kenmore, Qld 4069, Australia.

D South Australian Museum, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.

E New Guinea Binatang Research Center, PO Box 604, Madang, Papua New Guinea.

F Corresponding author. Email: p.oliver@griffith.edu.au

Australian Journal of Zoology 68(1) 25-39 https://doi.org/10.1071/ZO20071
Submitted: 26 July 2020  Accepted: 2 March 2021   Published: 20 May 2021

Journal Compilation © CSIRO 2020 Open Access CC BY-NC

Abstract

Australia and New Guinea (together referred to as Sahul) were linked by land for much of the late Tertiary and share many biotic elements. However, New Guinea is dominated by rainforest, and northern Australia by savannah. Resolving patterns of biotic interchange between these two regions is critical to understanding the expansion and contraction of both habitat types. The green tree frog (Litoria caerulea) has a vast range across northern and eastern Australia and New Guinea. An assessment of mitochondrial and morphological diversity in this nominal taxon in New Guinea reveals two taxa. True Litoria caerulea occurs in disjunct savannahs of the Trans-Fly, Central Province and across northern Australia, with very low genetic divergence, implying late Pleistocene connectivity. A previously unrecognised taxon is endemic to New Guinea and widespread in lowland swampy rainforest. Date estimates for the divergence of the new species suggest Pliocene connectivity across lowland tropical habitats of northern Australia and New Guinea. In contrast, the new species shows shallow phylogeographic structuring across the central mountains of New Guinea, implying recent dispersal between the northern and southern lowlands. These results emphasise that the extent and connectivity of lowland rainforest and savannah environments across northern Australia and southern New Guinea have undergone profound shifts since the late Pliocene.

http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:A577A415-0B71-4663-B4C1-7271B97298CD

Keywords: Australian Monsoonal Tropics, biotic exchange, Litoria caerulea, Litoria mira sp. nov., New Guinea, rainforest, Sahul, savannah, Trans-Fly, tree frog.


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