Range decline and conservation status of Westralunio carteri Iredale, 1934 (Bivalvia : Hyriidae) from south-western Australia
Michael W. Klunzinger A B D , Stephen J. Beatty A , David L. Morgan A , Adrian M. Pinder C and Alan J. Lymbery A
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Freshwater Fish Group and Fish Health Unit, Centre for Fish and Fisheries Research, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia.
B Malacology Section, Department of Aquatic Zoology, Collections and Research Facility, Western Australian Museum, Welshpool, WA 6160, Australia.
C Science and Conservation Division, Department of Parks and Wildlife, Kensington, WA 6151, Australia.
D Corresponding author. Email: m.klunzinger@murdoch.edu.au
Australian Journal of Zoology 63(2) 127-135 https://doi.org/10.1071/ZO15002
Submitted: 5 January 2015 Accepted: 21 April 2015 Published: 12 May 2015
Abstract
Westralunio carteri is the only species of freshwater mussel found in south-western Australia and, owing to a lack of comprehensive information on its ecology, its conservation status has been speculative. To more accurately predict the true conservation status of this species, the historical and contemporary distributional records were modelled with environmental data that identified salinity, perenniality and total nitrogen as variables responsible for limiting the species’ current extent of occurrence, inferring threatening processes. The species was found to have undergone a 49% reduction in extent of occurrence in less than three generations, due primarily to secondary salinisation. Current distribution is bounded by Gingin Brook in the north to the Kent, Goodga and Waychinicup Rivers in the South, within 50–100 km of coastal south-western Australia. Field observations indicated that W. carteri was almost never found at sites where mean salinity was >1.6 g L–1. This was corroborated by laboratory tolerance trials that showed that W. carteri has an acute salinity tolerance (LD50) of 1.6–3.0 g L–1. Application of IUCN Red List criteria indicates that W. carteri qualifies for listing as vulnerable. Conservation management measures should focus on maintaining existing populations.
Additional keywords: freshwater mussel, salinity, species distribution model, threatened species.
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