Phylogeny and biogeography of species of Syphacia Seurat, 1916 (Nemata : Oxyurida : Oxyuridae) from the Australian Bioregion
Haylee J. Weaver A B E , Scott Monks C and Scott L. Gardner D
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A School of Science and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Qld 4556, Australia.
B Present address: Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of the Environment, GPO Box 787, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
C Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo (UAEH), Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB), Apdo. Postal 1-10, Pachuca, C.P. 42001, Hidalgo, México.
D Manter Laboratory of Parasitology, University of Nebraska State Museum and School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska – Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0514, USA.
E Corresponding author. Email: haylee.weaver@environment.gov.au
Australian Journal of Zoology 64(2) 81-90 https://doi.org/10.1071/ZO15080
Submitted: 2 December 2015 Accepted: 10 May 2016 Published: 17 June 2016
Abstract
Pinworm nematodes of the genus Syphacia (Nemata : Oxyurida : Oxyuridae) have a global distribution, and infect the caecum of rodents. Within the Australian Bioregion, 17 species of Syphacia infect a range of rodent hosts. Pinworms are traditionally thought to have coevolutionary relationships with their hosts, but the evolution and dispersal of Australian rodents and their helminths remains unclear. This combination of factors allowed us to investigate the likely relationships of Australian Syphacia species based on phylogenetic analysis, overlaid with the ecology and relationships of host species. We conducted a phylogenetic analysis using morphological characters of the species of Syphacia from the Australian Bioregion in order to examine the relationships between species, and to investigate how host evolution and phylogeny could inform (or be informed) by parasite phylogeny. Application of the taxon pulse theory of parasite speciation by matching host species to parasites shed some light on the timing of speciation of rodent hosts. We found that species of Syphacia had reasonably close host–parasite relationships, with additional evidence for ecological fitting or host switching occurring. Evidence provided here suggests strongly that most elements of the Stockholm Paradigm are at play in structuring the relationships we observe in this pinworm–mammal system.
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