Register      Login
Wildlife Research Wildlife Research Society
Ecology, management and conservation in natural and modified habitats
RESEARCH ARTICLE (Open Access)

Traditional owner-led wartaji (dingo) research in Pirra Country (Great Sandy Desert): a case study from the Nyangumarta Warrarn Indigenous Protected Area

Bradley P. Smith https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0873-3917 A * , Jacob Loughridge B , Nyangumarta Rangers B , Charlie Wright B C , Augustine Badal B C , Nyaparu (Margaret) Rose B C , Elliot Hunter B and José Kalpers D
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations

A School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, CQUniversity (Adelaide Campus), PO Box 42, Goodwood, SA 5034, Australia.

B Yamatji Marlpa Aboriginal Corporation (Broome Office), PO Box 2059, Broome, WA 6725, Australia.

C Nyangumarta Warrarn Aboriginal Corporation, PO Box 2320, Broome, WA 6725, Australia.

D Yamatji Marlpa Aboriginal Corporation (Geraldton Office), PO Box 2119, Geraldton, WA 6531, Australia.

* Correspondence to: b.p.smith@cqu.edu.au

Handling Editor: Sarah Legge

Wildlife Research 51, WR24082 https://doi.org/10.1071/WR24082
Submitted: 17 May 2024  Accepted: 8 August 2024  Published: 5 September 2024

© 2024 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND)

Abstract

Warning

This article may contain images, names of or references to deceased Aboriginal people.

The Nyangumarta people are the Traditional Owners of more than 33,000 km2 of land and sea in north-western Australia, encompassing Pirra Country (The Great Sandy Desert) and nearby coastal areas. They are also the custodians and managers of the Nyangumarta Warrarn Indigenous Protected Area (IPA). The wartaji (or dingo) holds immense cultural significance for the Nyangumarta people and is a vital part of a healthy Country. This inspired the community and rangers to focus on the wartaji as a key part of the management objectives of the IPA. We detail the development of the resulting collaborative research project between the IPA rangers and university-based scientists. The project not only presented an opportunity for the Nyangumarta community to deepen their understanding of wartaji residing on their Country, but also upskilled the Nyangumarta rangers in wartaji monitoring and management. This project is a testament to the importance of First Nations groups developing and addressing their research priorities. IPA-managed lands and associated ranger programs offer the perfect opportunity, funding and support to make these conservation-related decisions and implement actions. The collaboration with academic and non-academic researchers promises to enhance this conservation effort through mutual learning.

Keywords: conservation management, dingo, Great Sandy Desert, Indigenous Protected Areas, Indigenous rangers, Nyangumarta Warrarn, Pirra Country, wartaji.

References

Bastin G, the ACRIS Management Committee (2008) ‘Rangelands 2008 – Taking the Pulse.’ (National Land & Water Resources Audit: Canberra, ACT, Australia)

Cairns KM, Wilton AN (2016) New insights on the history of canids in Oceania based on mitochondrial and nuclear data. Genetica 144(5), 553-565.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Cameron L (2020) ‘Healthy Country, Healthy People’: Aboriginal Embodied Knowledge Systems in Human/Nature Interrelationships. The International Journal of Ecopsychology 1(1), 3 Available at https://digitalcommons.humboldt.edu/ije/vol1/iss1/3.
| Google Scholar |

Carter J, Wardell-Johnson A, Archer-Lean C (2017) Butchulla perspectives on dingo displacement and agency at K’gari–Fraser Island, Australia. Geoforum 85, 197-205.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Costello O, Webster N, Morgan D (2021) A statement on the cultural importance of the dingo. Australian Zoologist 41(3), 296-297.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water (2024) Indigenous Protected Areas. Available at https://www.dcceew.gov.au/environment/land/indigenous-protected-areas#toc_0 [accessed 1 May]

Girringun Aboriginal Corporation (2023) National Inaugural First Nations Dingo Forum. Available at https://www.girringun.com/dingoforum2023 [accessed 15 May 2024]

Godden L, Cowell S (2016) Conservation planning and Indigenous governance in Australia’s Indigenous Protected Areas. Restoration Ecology 24(5), 692-697.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Kolig E (1973) Aboriginal man’s best foe. Mankind 9, 122-124.
| Google Scholar |

Koungoulos L, Fillios M (2020) Hunting dogs down under? On the Aboriginal use of tame dingoes in dietary game acquisition and its relevance to Australian prehistory. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 58, 101146.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Koungoulos LG, Balme J, O’Connor S (2023) Dingoes, companions in life and death: the significance of archaeological canid burial practices in Australia. PLoS ONE 18(10), e0286576.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Lu D (2023) First Nations groups demand immediate stop to killing dingoes as control method. The Guardian. Available at https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/sep/18/first-nations-groups-demand-immediate-stop-to-killing-dingos-as-control-method

Ma GC, Ford J, Lucas L, Norris JM, Spencer J, Withers A-M, Ward MP (2020) ‘They Reckon They’re Man’s Best Friend and I Believe That.’ Understanding relationships with dogs in Australian Aboriginal communities to inform effective dog population management. Animals 10(5), 810.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Mackie K, Meacheam D (2016) Working on country: a case study of unusual environmental program success. Australasian Journal of Environmental Management 23(2), 157-174.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

McIntosh IS (1999) Why the dingo ate its master. Australian Folklore 14, 183-189.
| Google Scholar |

Meehan B, Jones R, Vincent A (1999) Gulu-kula: dogs in Anbarra Society, Arnhem Land. Aboriginal History 23, 83-106.
| Google Scholar |

Musharbash Y (2017) Telling Warlpiri dog stories. Anthropological Forum 27(2), 95-113.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Nou T, Indigo N, Southwell D, Skroblin A, Grimmett L, Young A, AZM Project Partners, Legge S (2021) Arid zone monitoring: species profiles. Threatened Species Recovery Hub.

Nyangumarta Warrarn Aboriginal Corporation and Yamatji Marlpa Aboriginal Corporation (2022) ‘Nyangumarta Warrarn Indigenous Protected Area, Plan of Management, 2022–2032.’ (YMAC, Inc.) Available at https://www.ymac.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/Nyangumarta-Warrarn-IPA-2022-single-low-res-002.pdf

Philip J (2021) The waterfinders. A cultural history of the Australian dingo. Australian Zoologist 41(3), 593-607.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Ritchie E, Smith B, Cairns K, Takau S, Rassip W (2023) ‘The boss of Country’, not wild dogs to kill: living with dingoes can unite communities. In The Conversation, 2 October 2023. Available at https://theconversation.com/the-boss-of-country-not-wild-dogs-to-kill-living-with-dingoes-can-unite-communities-214212

Rose DB (1992) ‘Dingo makes us human: life and land in an Aboriginal Australian culture.’ (Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, UK)

Ross H, Grant C, Robinson CJ, Izurieta A, Smyth D, Rist P (2009) Co-management and Indigenous protected areas in Australia: achievements and ways forward. Australasian Journal of Environmental Management 16(4), 242-252.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Smith BP, Litchfield CA (2009) A review of the relationship between indigenous Australians, dingoes (Canis dingo) and domestic dogs (Canis familiaris). Anthrozoös 22(2), 111-128.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Smith B (2015) The role of dingoes in Indigenous Australian lifestyle, culture, and spirituality. In ‘The dingo debate: origins, behaviour and conservation’. (Ed. B Smith) pp. 81–101. (CSIRO Publishing: Melbourne, Vic, Australia)

Smith B, Vague A-L (2017) The denning behaviour of dingoes (Canis dingo) living in a human-modified environment. Australian Mammalogy 39, 161-168.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Smith BP, Vague A-L, Appleby RG (2019) Attitudes towards dingoes (Canis dingo) and their management: a case study from a mining operation in the Great Sandy Desert, Western Australia. Pacific Conservation Biology 25, 308-321.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Smith BP, Morrant DS, Vague A-L, Doherty TS (2020) High rates of cannibalism and food waste consumption by dingoes living at a remote mining operation in the Great Sandy Desert, Western Australia. Australian Mammalogy 42(2), 230-234.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Smyth D (2006) Indigenous protected areas in Australia. Parks 16(1), 14-20.
| Google Scholar |

Szabo S, Smyth D (2003) Indigenous Protected Areas in Australia – Incorporating Indigenous owned land into Australia’s national system of protected areas. In ‘Innovative Governance – Indigenous peoples, local communities and protected areas’. (Eds H Jaireth, D Smyth) pp. 145–164. (Ane Books: New Delhi, India)

Thomson PC (1992a) The behavioural ecology of dingoes in north-western Australia. I. The Fortescue River study area and details of captured dingoes. Wildlife Research 19, 509-518.
| Google Scholar |

Thomson PC (1992b) The behavioural ecology of dingoes in north-western Australia. II. Activity patterns, breeding season and pup rearing. Wildlife Research 19, 519-530.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Thomson PC (1992c) The behavioural ecology of dingoes in north-western Australia. III. Hunting and feeding behaviour, and diet. Wildlife Research 19, 531-542.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Thomson PC (1992d) The behavioural ecology of dingoes in north-western Australia. IV. Social and spatial organisation, and movements. Wildlife Research 19, 543-564.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Thomson PC, Rose K, Kok NE (1992a) The behavioural ecology of dingoes in north-western Australia. VI. Temporary extraterritorial movements and dispersal. Wildlife Research 19, 585-596.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Thomson PC, Rose K, Kok NE (1992b) The behavioural ecology of dingoes in north-western Australia. V. Population dynamics and variation in the social system. Wildlife Research 19, 565-584.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Tran TC, Ban NC, Bhattacharyya J (2020) A review of successes, challenges, and lessons from Indigenous protected and conserved areas. Biological Conservation 241, 108271.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

van Etten EJB (2020) The Gibson, Great Sandy, and Little Sandy Deserts of Australia. In ‘Encyclopedia of the World’s Biomes’. (Eds MI Goldstein, DA DellaSala) pp. 152–162. (Elsevier) doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-409548-9.11967-0

Woinarski JCZ, Burbidge AA, Harrison PL (2015) Ongoing unraveling of a continental fauna: decline and extinction of Australian mammals since European settlement. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112(15), 4531-4540.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Zhang S-J, Wang G-D, Ma P, Zhang L-L, Yin T-T, Liu Y-h, Otecko NO, Wang M, Ma Y-P, Wang L, Mao B, Savolainen P, Zhang Y-P (2020) Genomic regions under selection in the feralization of the dingoes. Nature Communications 11(1), 671.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |