An 8-year long retrospective analysis identifies the major causes of morbidity and mortality in rescued koala joeys
Harsh Pramila Pahuja
A * and Edward Jitik Narayan A *
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia.
Wildlife Research 50(12) 1141-1153 https://doi.org/10.1071/WR22179
Submitted: 2 November 2022 Accepted: 13 February 2023 Published: 2 March 2023
© 2023 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND)
Abstract
Context: Wildlife rescue and rehabilitation centres aid millions of species worldwide. The clinical databases from these wildlife rehabilitation centres are increasingly being recognised as valuable scientific resources that have the potential to yield information on animal biology and inform conservation efforts. Although orphaned koala joeys constitute a substantial proportion of wildlife rescues in Australia, the causes of morbidity and mortality, specifically in rescued young koalas, remain largely unexplored.
Aims: The primary aim of this study is to analyse the trends in causes and outcomes of koala joeys admitted for rehabilitation at the Adelaide Koala Wildlife Centre (AKWC).
Methods: We analysed the hospital records of koala joeys admitted to the AKWC over an 8-year period (2014–2021) to identify the major causes of morbidity and mortality, and analysed the trends in arrivals in terms of season, sex and release rate.
Key results: Our examination indicates that the top five major reasons for admission and mortality in koala joeys are as follows – renal disease, heat stress, chlamydiosis, animal attack and vehicle collision. A significant increase in the proportion of heat stress, renal disease and chlamydiosis cases can be observed over the study period. Of the major causes of mortality, the most distinctive feature is the exceptionally high mortality rate of koala joeys with renal disease. Over the study period, the overall positive outcome for all joeys increased up to two-fold, and the mortality rate also declined slightly.
Conclusion: Despite the significant increase in positive outcome, it is evident that renal disease, chlamydiosis and heat stress are increasing at a rapid rate. Renal disease poses a major threat to rehabilitating koala joeys due to its severely high mortality rate.
Implication: This is the first study identifying the key drivers of morbidity and mortality of rescued koala joeys, and the rapid increase of renal disease, chlamydiosis and heat stress warrant the attention of future conservation policy developers. Furthermore, the severely high mortality rate of koala joeys due to renal disease warrants improving treatment protocols and any measures that can help reduce the mortality rate of this disease in koala joeys.
Keywords: aetiology, chlamydiosis, heat stress, koala joey rescue, mortality, oxalate nephrosis, renal disease, retrospective analysis, vehicle collision.
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