Evaluating wildlife management by using principles of applied ecology: case studies and implications
Jim Hone A D , V. Alistair Drake A B and Charles J. Krebs A C
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Institute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
B School of Physical, Environmental and Mathematical Sciences, UNSW Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2610, Australia.
C Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
D Corresponding author. Email: jim.hone@canberra.edu.au
Wildlife Research 45(5) 436-445 https://doi.org/10.1071/WR18006
Submitted: 15 January 2018 Accepted: 18 May 2018 Published: 29 August 2018
Abstract
Context: The broad concepts and generalisations that guide conduct of applied ecology, including wildlife management, have been reviewed and synthesised recently into 22 prescriptive and three empirical principles.
Aims: The aim of this study was to use these principles to evaluate three on-ground wildlife management programs and assess the utility of the principles themselves.
Key results: Case studies of long-term management of national park biodiversity impacted by feral pigs (Sus scrofa), and of conservation and harvest of red kangaroos (Macropus rufus) and mallards (Anas platyrhnchos), were selected to provide a representative range of management objectives, spatial scales and land tenures, and to include both native and introduced species. Management documents and a considerable scientific literature were available for all three programs. The results highlight similarities and differences among management activities and demonstrate the 25 principles to differing degrees. Most of the prescriptive principles were demonstrated in both the management and the scientific literature in all three programs, but almost no use was made of the three empirical principles. We propose that use of the prescriptive principles constitutes evidence that these programs meet both societal and scientific expectations. However, the limited use of the empirical principles shows gaps in the three programs.
Conclusions: The results suggest that evaluating other wildlife management programs against the principles of applied ecology is worthwhile and could highlight aspects of those programs that might otherwise be overlooked. Little use was made of the empirical principles, but the the Effort–outcomes principle in particular provides a framework for evaluating management programs.
Implications: The effort–outcomes relationship should be a focus of future applied research, and both prescriptive and empirical principles should be integrated into wildlife management programs.
Additional keywords: conservation, feral pig, mallard, pest control, principles, red kangaroo, sustainable harvesting, wildlife management.
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