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Wildlife Research Wildlife Research Society
Ecology, management and conservation in natural and modified habitats
Wildlife Research

Wildlife Research

Volume 50 Number 3 2023

Special Issue

Predator–prey interactions

Predators can play pivotal roles in ecosystems through their interactions with prey populations. Thus, exploration of their relationships with prey are crucial to a comprehensive understanding of ecosystem dynamics, particularly in the face of ongoing predator declines and, in some cases, recoveries. This Special Issue comprises six papers highlighting cutting-edge predator detection methods, examining the means by which predators capture prey, and quantifying their impacts on prey populations.
Graphical Abstract Image

We evaluated the influence of apex predators on the drivers of mesopredator space use and detection in South Africa. Apex predators both positively and negatively affected the detection of black-backed jackals, indicating that these mesopredators show behavioural flexibility at the individual site level. These findings suggest that sympatric predator behaviours should be based on site-specific behaviours instead of general patterns. Photograph by Rebecca Welch.

WR22042Nest remains are insufficient to identify predators of waterfowl nests

Kaylan M. Kemink 0000-0002-1404-0690, Kyle J. Kuechle, Mason L. Sieges, Sam Krohn, Cailey D. Isaacson, John Palarski, Nick Conrad, Allicyn Nelson, Boyan Liu, Thomas K. Buhl 0000-0001-9909-3419 and Susan N. Ellis-Felege
pp. 182-189
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Accurately determining nest fate and the identity of nest predators can help scientists make better management recommendations. This study determined that although a visual inspection of nest remains was sufficient to determine the nest fate (e.g., hatched, abandoned, depredated) of precocial ground-nesting waterfowl, in most cases it failed to identify nest predators. We recommend the continued use of alternative methods, such as nest cameras, for scientists hoping to identify nest predators in the field. Photograph by Dr. Susan Ellis-Felege.

WR22094The effect of scent lures on detection is not equitable among sympatric species

Marlin M. Dart 0000-0002-2105-6877, Lora B. Perkins, Jonathan A. Jenks, Gary Hatfield and Robert C. Lonsinger 0000-0002-1040-7299
pp. 190-200
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Camera trapping is a popular method for studying wildlife communities and scent lures are often used to improve detection of carnivores without considering the influence on other species. This study evaluated how a scent lure influenced detection of four species across foraging guilds and demonstrated disparate effects on species. We recommend that researchers avoid using scent lures or account for potential variation in their influence on detection for each species when assessing wildlife communities with cameras. Photograph by Marlin M. Dart.

WR21184Fox and cat responses to fox baiting intensity, rainfall and prey abundance in the Upper Warren, Western Australia

William L. Geary 0000-0002-6520-689X, Adrian F. Wayne 0000-0002-3102-4617, Ayesha I. T. Tulloch 0000-0002-5866-1923, Euan G. Ritchie 0000-0003-4410-8868, Marika A. Maxwell and Tim S. Doherty 0000-0001-7745-0251
pp. 201-211
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Invasive predators are major drivers of global biodiversity loss. Red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) and feral cats (Felis catus) have contributed to the decline and extinction of many native species in Australia. We aimed to understand what influences the association between fox baiting intensity, red fox activity and feral cat activity. Although the association between fox baiting and fox activity is unclear, our results indicate that fox baiting may be most effective at decoupling the positive association between fox activity and prey activity. Our results also suggest a positive association between fox baiting intensity and feral cat activity, meaning integrated fox and cat management is required in the Upper Warren. Image created by the authors.

WR22033Eye in the sky: observing wild dingo hunting behaviour using drones

Tahlia I. Pollock 0000-0001-5605-9069, Daniel O. Hunter, David P. Hocking 0000-0001-6848-1208 and Alistair R. Evans 0000-0002-4078-4693
pp. 212-223
Graphical Abstract Image

The behaviours that dingoes use to capture and kill their prey are highly dynamic and can be challenging to observe directly without disturbance. This study reports a series of direct observations of wild hunting behaviour filmed using cameras attached to either a helicopter or drone. This project contributes to our knowledge of dingo ecology and also acts as a case study highlighting the utility of drones for directly observing dynamic behaviours in the wild. Images by Daniel Hunter and Edward Saltau.

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DNA metabarcoding and morphological examination are major approaches for dietary studies using faeces. We evaluated the performance of these approaches in an endangered ground-dwelling gecko, Goniurosaurus kuroiwae, and showed that DNA metabarcoding detected more prey types than morphological examination (21 vs 17); but the latter was not a complete subset of the former. To describe the diet of insectivores, we recommend using both methods complementarily. Photograph by Takaki Kurita.

Committee on Publication Ethics

Call for Papers

We are seeking contributions for the following Special Issues, More information

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