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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Contents Vol 51(6)

Assessing the suitability of a surveillance fauna-monitoring program for detecting future changes in reptile occupancy

Peter J. McDonald https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6875-1466 A * , Alistair Stewart A , Simon J. Ward A , Paul M. Oliver https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4291-257X B C and Catherine E. M. Nano A
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations

A Flora and Fauna Division, Northern Territory Department of Environment, Parks and Water Security, Arid Zone Research Institute, South Stuart Highway, Alice Springs, NT 0870, Australia.

B Centre for Planetary Health and Food Security, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Brisbane, Qld 4121, Australia.

C Biodiversity and Geosciences Program, Queensland Museum, South Brisbane, Qld 4101, Australia.

* Correspondence to: peter.mcdonald2@nt.gov.au

Handling Editor: Penny Fisher

Wildlife Research 51, WR24008 https://doi.org/10.1071/WR24008
Submitted: 15 January 2024  Accepted: 14 May 2024  Published: 3 June 2024

© 2024 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing

Abstract

Context

Ecological surveillance monitoring typically targets multiple taxonomic groups by using standardised sampling across large spatial scales. Although surveillance monitoring confers advantages over hypothesis-driven monitoring in its broad taxonomic and spatial scope, the approach has been criticised for its disconnect from ecological management and failure to provide insights on the drivers of ecological change

Aims

To assess the adequacy of a plot-based general fauna-monitoring program for sampling reptiles as indicators of ecosystem health in a semi-arid upland region of the Northern Territory, Australia.

Methods

We surveyed reptiles at 90 sites, stratified between major landform and vegetation types, and using standard fauna-sampling methods, across the 2568 km2 Tjoritja National Park in the MacDonnell Ranges. We compiled a full inventory of the reptile fauna of the study area and identified species with potential utility as ecological indicators. We then used single-season occupancy models and power analyses to evaluate the adequacy of sampling for detecting potential future changes in occupancy.

Key results

We detected 57 of the 68 reptile species known from the protected area, 17 of which are potentially useful indicators of ecological health, mostly related to fire management. There was insufficient power to detect moderate (50%) future changes in reptile occupancy for all but the single most detected species. For the two ecological indicator species with sufficient detections for occupancy modelling, a positive association with a keystone structure (dense spinifex grass) was confirmed. However, increasing detection probability or the number of surveys would result in only minor improvements in power to detect occupancy change in these species.

Conclusions

Although reptiles are potentially useful indicators of ecological health, particularly in relation to fire regimes, the number of sites required to detect future changes in reptile occupancy by using standardised plot-based monitoring in this protected area is prohibitively high.

Implications

Our results suggest that once ecological associations are understood, monitoring ecological health remotely by using techniques such as fire-scar mapping to track proportions of long-unburnt vegetation should be considered over labour-intensive surveillance monitoring for reptiles. Targeted monitoring of threatened and other reptile species of conservation or cultural concern may also be warranted.

Keywords: fire management, indicator species, monitoring, occupancy modelling, power analysis, reptile, spinifex, surveillance.

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