Estimating diet composition of the Australian sea lion (Neophoa cinerea) from scat analysis: an unrliable technique

Abstract

Knowledge of the diet of the Australian sea-lion (Neophoca cinerea) has been restricted to anecdotal, qualitative accounts. In this study, we tested the validity of using identifiable prey remains in scats to quantify the diet of N. cinerea by analysis of scats from free-ranging sea-lions and feeding trials on captive sea-lions. Identifiable remains in the scats of free-ranging animals occurred infrequently: otoliths (n = 8) were present in only 9% of scats, cephalopod beaks (n = 23) in only 24% and lobster (Panulirus cygnus) remains in 7%. These limited data, combined with analysis of contents of five stomachs, indicated that N. cinerea has a broad diet and feeds on some benthic species. Feeding trials on two captive sea-lions demonstrated that scats were not representative of the diet. Fewer than 2% of ingested otoliths (by number) were recovered in scats. Otoliths less than 5 mm long were absent from scats; recovery of larger otoliths increased with their size. Defaecated otoliths were eroded by at least 28% (by length) during digestion. Transit of cephalopod mouth parts in two captive animals was variable (98% and 9% recovery), with only beaks of small cephalopods passing through the pyloric canal. The complete digestion of otoliths in transit through the gut tract and the variable recovery of cephalopod beaks indicated that scats cannot be used even for a qualitative description of the diet of N. cinerea.