Register      Login
Wildlife Research Wildlife Research Society
Ecology, management and conservation in natural and modified habitats
Shopping Cart: ( empty )
You are here: Home > Journals > WR > WR07030
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Contents Vol 35(5)

Monitoring the small-scale distribution of sympatric European pine martens (Martes martes) and stone martens (Martes foina): a multievidence approach using faecal DNA analysis and camera-traps

Stefano Rosellini A E , Enrique Osorio B , Aritz Ruiz-González C , Ana Piñeiro A and Isabel Barja D
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations

A Departamento de Biología, Unidad Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain.

B Departamento de Zoología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana, 24271 León, Spain.

C Departamento de Zoología y Biología Celular Animal, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad del País Vasco, C/Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria, Spain.

D Departamento de Biología y Ciencias del Medio Ambiente, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad SEK, C/Cardenal Zúñiga 12, 40003 Segovia, Spain.

E Corresponding author. Email: stefano.rosellini@yahoo.es

Wildlife Research 35(5) 434-440 https://doi.org/10.1071/WR07030
Submitted: 7 March 2007  Accepted: 13 May 2008   Published: 19 August 2008

Abstract

The European pine marten (Martes martes) and stone marten (Martes foina) are two closely related mustelids that live sympatrically over a large area of Europe. In the northern Iberian Peninsula, the distribution ranges of both species overlap extensively. The objectives of this study were (1) to verify whether, on a small scale, both species also live sympatrically and (2) to compare camera traps and scat DNA as methods for detecting marten species. The study was conducted in a protected area (province of Ourense, north-west Spain), which covers 6700 ha. To test the sympatry hypothesis, 90 fresh faecal samples, identified as faeces of genus Martes on the basis of their morphology, were collected from June 2004 to August 2006. The specific identification of faecal samples was conducted using polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) techniques. In addition, 20 camera-traps (916 camera-trap-nights) were in operation during the study period. Of the faecal samples collected, 88.8% were attributed to the European pine marten, while the remaining 11.2% were not amplified by PCR and thus could not be assigned. The European pine marten was identified in 57.9% of the photos of carnivores and the stone marten was not detected in any. The faecal DNA analysis and camera-trap results supported previous conclusions about habitat preferences and the distribution of the two species obtained using other methods. The two non-invasive methods that were used in this study were shown to be reliable techniques that can be employed simultaneously, because each method has advantages and disadvantages that are influenced by the size of the area inventoried, sampling effort, and cost and efficiency of the method. The data gathered using these methods provided important information on the understanding of trophic and competitive interactions between the species.


Acknowledgements

We thank the Nature Conservation Service of Ourense (Regional Government of Galicia) for providing the permits required to conduct this study in the Montes do Invernadeiro Natural Park. Thanks are due to Dr Benjamín Gómez-Moliner for supervising the molecular work. We are grateful to gamekeepers Tomás Pérez, Ricardo Prieto and Paco Barja for their help with fieldwork, and to Toni Gago for assistance during the collection of field data. A. Ruiz-González was supported by a Ph.D. grant from the Department of Education, Universities and Research (Basque Government) and S. Rosellini was supported by a postgraduate scholarship from the Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. This study has been supported by the Project USEK, n° 7-2004-05, Universidad SEK de Segovia.


References

Azlan, J. M. , and Sharma, D. S. K. (2003). Camera trapping the Indochinese tiger, Panthera tigris corbetti, in a secondary forest in peninsula Malaysia. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 51, 421–427.
Barea J. M., and Ballesteros E. (Eds.) (1999). ‘Carnívoros Ibéricos, Serie de Estudios y Proyectos de Biología N°2.’ (Colegio Oficial de Biólogos de Andalucía: Granada.)

Barja I. (2001). La señalización en el lobo ibérico (Canis lupus signatus). Comparación con dos especies de Hienas (Crocuta crocuta y Hyaena hyaena). Ph.D. Thesis, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid.

Barja, I. (2005a). Winter distribution of European pine marten Martes martes scats in a protected area of Galicia, Spain. Mammalia 69, 435–438.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | Begon M., Harper J. L., and Townsend C. R. (Eds) (1986). ‘Ecology. Individuals, Populations and Communities.’ (Blackwell Scientific Publications: Oxford.)

Birks J. D. S., Messenger J. E., Braithwaite T. C., Davison A., Brookes R. C., and Strachan C. (2004). Are scat surveys a reliable method for assessing distribution and population status of pine martens? In ‘Martens and Fishers (Martes) in Human-altered Environments: an International Perspective’. (Eds D. J. Harrison, A. K. Fuller and G. Proulx.) pp. 235–252. (Springer-Verlag: New York.)

Blanco J. C. (Ed.) (1998). ‘Mamíferos de España.’ (Geoplaneta: Madrid.)

Blanco, J. C. , Reig, S. , and Cuesta, L. (1992). Distribution, status and conservation problems of the wolf Canis lupus in Spain. Biological Conservation 60, 73–80.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | Cabrera A. (Ed.) (1914). ‘Fauna Ibérica. Mamíferos.’ (Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales: Madrid.)

Castroviejo S. (Ed.) (1977). ‘Estudio sobre la Vegetación de la Sierra del Invernadeiro (Ourense).’ (ICONA: Madrid.)

Clevenger A. P. (1994). Feeding ecology of Eurasian pine martens and stone martens in Europe. In ‘Martens, Sables and Fishers’. (Eds S. W. Duskirk, A. S. Arestad, M. G. Raphael and R. A. Powell.) pp. 326–340. (Cornell University Press: Ithaca.)

Dalén, L. , Götherström, A. , and Angerbjörn, A. (2004). Identifying species from pieces of faeces. Conservation Genetics 5, 109–111.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | Keddy P. A. (Ed.) (1989). ‘Competition.’ (Chapman and Hall: London.)

Kohn, M. H. , and Wayne, R. K. (1997). Facts from feces revisited. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 12, 223–227.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | Libois R., and Waechter A. (1991). La fouine (Martes foina). In ‘Encyclopédie des Carnivores de France, Vol. 10’. (Eds M. Artois, and P. Delattre.) pp. 1–53. (Societé Française pour l’Étude et Protection des Mammifères, Bohallard: Puceul.)

López-Martín J. M. (2003). Aspectos de la ecología de la marta (Martes martes L. 1758) y la garduña (M. foina Erx.1777) en los ambientes mediterráneos: interacciones con la gineta (Genetta genetta L. 1758). Ph.D. Thesis, Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona.

Lynch, Á. B. , Brown, M. J. F. , and Rochford, J. M. (2006). Fur snagging as a method of evaluating the presence and abundance of a small carnivore, the pine marten (Martes martes). Journal of Zoology 270, 330–339.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | Messenger J. E., and Birks J. D. S. (2000). Monitoring the very rare: pine marten populations in England and Wales. In ‘Mustelids in a Modern World. Management and Conservation Aspects of Small Carnivore: Human Interactions’. (Ed. H. I. Griffiths.) pp. 153–162. (Backhuys Publishers: Leiden.)

Mitchell-Jones A. J., Amori G., Bogdanowicz W., Krystufek B., Reijnders P. J. H., Spitzemberg F., Stubbe M., Thissen J. B. M., Vohralik V., and Zima J. (1999). ‘The Atlas of European Mammals.’ (Academic Press: London.)

Murakami, T. (2002). Species identification of mustelids by comparing partial sequences on mitochondrial DNA from fecal samples. The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 64, 321–323.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | PubMed | Palomo L. J., and Gisbert J. (Eds.) (2002). ‘Atlas de los Mamíferos Terrestres de España’. (Dirección General de Conservación de la Naturaleza-SECEM-SECEMU: Madrid.)

Paxinos, E. , Mcintosh, C. , Ralls, K. , and Fleischer, R. (1997). A non-invasive method for distinguishing among canid species: amplification and enzyme restriction of DNA. Molecular Ecology 6, 483–486.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | PubMed | Proulx G., Aubry K. B., Birks J., Buskirk S. W., Fortin C., et al. (2004). World distribution and status of the genus Martes in 2000. In ‘Martens and Fishers (Martes) in Human Altered Environments: an International Perspective’. (Eds D. J. Harrison, A. K. Fuller, and G. Proulx.) pp. 21–76. (Springer-Verlag: New York.)

Robinson, I. H. , and Delibes, M. (1988). The distribution of faeces by the Spanish lynx (Felis pardina). Journal of Zoology 216, 577–582.
Zielinski W. J., and Kucera T. E. (Eds.) (1995). ‘American Marten, Fisher, Lynx, and Wolverine: Survey Methods for their Detection.’ (US Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station: Berkeley.)