An experimental approach to understanding the use of mistletoe as a nest substrate for birds: nest predation
Stuart J. N. Cooney A B C and David M. Watson AA Ecology and Biodiversity Group, Institute for Land, Water and Society, Charles Sturt University, PO Box 789, Albury, NSW 2640, Australia.
B Present address: School of Botany and Zoology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia.
C Corresponding author. Email: stuart.cooney@anu.edu.au
Wildlife Research 35(1) 65-71 https://doi.org/10.1071/WR06144
Submitted: 30 October 2007 Accepted: 17 December 2007 Published: 17 March 2008
Abstract
Recent research has documented an unprecedented diversity of birds using mistletoes as nest-sites, and a strong preference for nesting in mistletoes has recently been demonstrated for some species. The consequences and underlying reasons for this behaviour have not been evaluated, and it is unclear whether nests in mistletoes confer advantages compared with other available substrates. Nest predation is often cited as the most important factor regulating many bird populations and is thought to influence all aspects of nest-site selection. To evaluate whether nest predation may play a role in the widespread use of mistletoe as a nest-site, we conducted an artificial nest predation experiment in a eucalypt woodland in southern New South Wales, Australia. Artificial nests were modelled on noisy friarbird (Philemon corniculatus: Meliphagidae) nests, baited with a single quail egg and checked after four days. We used logistic regression to model the rate of depredation between plant substrates, and demonstrate that, in this experiment, mistletoe nests experienced a lower proportion of predation than eucalypt nests (51.5% versus 63.8% respectively). This finding suggests that predation may influence the widespread use of mistletoe as a nest-site in a range of habitats and regions. In addition to clarifying priorities for further work on mistletoe nesting, this finding has implications for studies of nest-site selection generally, with researchers encouraged to supplement between-substrate comparisons with direct measurements of within-substrate variation.
Acknowledgements
Our thanks go to the owners of Morgan’s Ridge, Andrew and Leonie Mathie, for allowing us to work in their little piece of paradise; Teresa Neeman, from the Statistical Consulting Unit at the ANU, as well as Gary Luck and Leeann Reaney for constructive discussions about the statistics used in this project; Charlie Mitsi who provided the quail eggs for the experiment; and Simon McDonald, Information Technology Officer (Spatial Analysis) from the Spatial Data Analysis Network at Charles Sturt University for his assistance with the map and other GIS support. The Johnstone Centre assisted financially with a scholarship to SJNC and a Stuart Leslie Bird Research Award, from Birds Australia, awarded to SJNC, supported the project. DMW acknowledges the support of the ARC (DP0342549). Two anonymous reviewers are also thanked for their comments.
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