Comparison of grain yields and N2O emissions on Oxisol and Vertisol soils in response to fertiliser N applied as urea or urea coated with the nitrification inhibitor 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate
Massimiliano De Antoni Migliorati A , Mike Bell B D , David Lester C , David W. Rowlings A , Clemens Scheer A , Daniele de Rosa A and Peter R. Grace A
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Institute for Future Environments, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Qld 4000, Australia.
B School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of Queensland, Gatton, Qld 4343, Australia.
C Queensland Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, PO Box 2282, Toowoomba Qld 4350, Australia.
D Corresponding author. Email: m.bell4@uq.edu.au
Soil Research 54(5) 552-564 https://doi.org/10.1071/SR15336
Submitted: 15 November 2015 Accepted: 18 March 2016 Published: 18 July 2016
Journal Compilation © CSIRO Publishing 2016 Open Access CC BY-NC-ND
Abstract
The potential for elevated nitrous oxide (N2O) losses is high in subtropical cereal cropping systems in north-east Australia, where the fertiliser nitrogen (N) input is one single application at or before planting. The use of urea coated with the nitrification inhibitor 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) has been reported to substantially decrease N2O emissions and increase crop yields in humid, high-intensity rainfall environments. However, it is still uncertain whether this product is similarly effective in contrasting soil types in the cropping region of north-east Australia. In this study the grain yield response of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) to rates of fertiliser N applied as urea or urea coated with DMPP were compared in crops grown on a Vertisol and an Oxisol in southern Queensland. Seasonal N2O emissions were monitored on selected treatments for the duration of the cropping season and the early stages of a subsequent fallow period using a fully automated high-frequency greenhouse gas measuring system. On each soil the tested treatments included an unfertilised control (0 kg N ha–1) and two fertilised treatments chosen on the basis of delivering at least 90% of seasonal potential grain yield (160 and 120 kg N ha–1 on the Vertisol and Oxisol respectively) or at a common (suboptimal) rate at each site (80 kg N ha–1). During this study DMPP had a similar impact at both sites, clearly inhibiting nitrification for up to 8 weeks after fertiliser application. Despite the relatively dry seasonal conditions during most of the monitoring period, DMPP was effective in abating N2O emissions on both soils and on average reduced seasonal N2O emissions by 60% compared with conventional urea at fertiliser N rates equivalent to those producing 90% of site maximum grain yield. The significant abatement of N2O emissions observed with DMPP, however, did not translate into significant yield gains or improvements in agronomic efficiencies of fertiliser N use. These results may be due to the relatively dry growing season conditions before the bulk of crop N acquisition, which limited the exposure of fertiliser N to large losses due to leaching and denitrification.
Additional keywords: automated greenhouse gas measuring system, denitrification, nitrogen response.
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