Effect of Fe/Al oxides on desorption of Cd2+ from soils and minerals as related to diffuse layer overlapping
Yan-ping Wang A B , Ren-kou Xu A C and Jiu-yu Li A BA State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, PO Box 821, Nanjing, China.
B Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
C Corresponding author. Email: rkxu@issas.ac.cn
Soil Research 49(3) 231-237 https://doi.org/10.1071/SR10148
Submitted: 19 July 2010 Accepted: 8 October 2010 Published: 12 April 2011
Abstract
Cadmium is a toxic metal with high reactivity in acid variable charge soils. Adsorption and desorption of Cd2+ in soil and mineral particles can be affected by the interaction between the electrical double layers on oppositely charged particles, because the interaction can decrease the surface-charge density of the particles. We studied the effect of Fe/Al oxides on desorption of Cd2+ from soils and minerals and proposed the desorption mechanisms based on the overlapping of diffuse layers between negatively charged soils and mineral particles and positively charged Fe/Al oxide particles. Our results indicate that the overlapping of diffuse layers of electrical double layers between positively charged Fe/Al oxides [crystalline and amorphous Al(OH)3 and amorphous Fe(OH)3] and negatively charged Ultisol, Alfisol, kaolinite, and bentonite caused the effective negative surface-charge density on the soils and minerals to become less negative, and thus the adsorption affinity of these negatively charged surfaces for Cd2+ declined as a result of the incorporation of the Fe/Al oxides. Consequently, the release of exchangeable Cd2+ from the surfaces of the soils and minerals increased with the amount of Fe/Al oxides added. The more positive the charge on the surfaces of the Fe/Al oxides, the stronger the interaction of the electrical double layers between the oxides and soils and minerals, and thus the greater the release of Cd2+ from the soils and minerals. A decrease in pH led to an increase in the positive surface charge on the Fe/Al oxides and enhancement of the interaction of the electrical double layers between the oxides and soils and minerals. As a result, more Cd2+ was desorbed from the soils and minerals. This study suggests that the interaction between oppositely charged particles of variable charge soils can enhance the mobility of cadmium in the soils and thus increase its environmental risk.
Additional keywords: amorphous Al(OH)3, amorphous Fe(OH)3, crystalline Al(OH)3, electrical double layer, surface charge, variable charge soil.
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