No-tillage promotes C accumulation in soil and a slight increase in yield stability and profitability of rice in subtropical lowland ecosystems
Filipe Selau Carlos
A , Flávio A. O. Camargo B , Elio Marcolin C , Murilo G. Veloso D , Rodrigo Schimitt Fernandes B and Cimélio Bayer B *
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Department of Soil Science and Graduate Program on Soil and Water Conservation, Eliseu Maciel Faculty of Agronomy, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
B Department of Soil Science and Graduate Program in Soil Science, Faculty of Agronomy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
C Rice Institute of Rio Grande do Sul State, Cachoeirinha, RS, Brazil.
D Graduate Program in Soil Science, Faculty of Agronomy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
Soil Research 60(6) 601-609 https://doi.org/10.1071/SR21185
Submitted: 2 July 2021 Accepted: 19 May 2022 Published: 21 June 2022
© 2022 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing
Abstract
Context: The effects of no-tillage (NT) on soil organic C (SOC) and rice yield in lowland soils are poorly understood in subtropical ecosystems.
Aims: In a long-term (24 years) field experiment, we assessed the effect of NT on SOC stocks in labile (>53 μm, particulate) and stable (<53 μm, mineral associated) fractions of soil organic matter (SOM), grain yield, between-season stability, and gross margin compared to conventional tillage (CT) and pre-germinated tillage (PG) systems in a lowland Gleysol in southern Brazil.
Methods: Soil from eight different layers down to 40 cm under each tillage system was sampled in a field experiment, and additional soil samples were obtained from an adjacent area under native grassland (NG) as reference for SOC stocks.
Key results: While the PG and CT systems maintained similar SOC stocks as the NG soil, NT increased SOC stocks at an annual rate of 0.41 Mg ha−1 in relation to the traditional CT soil. Rice grain yield increased twice over the 24-year period, amounting to 12 Mg ha−1 in the last crop season. Despite lower yield in NT system in most crop seasons, a slight effect on yield stability and profitability (<10%) in favour of NT, compared with CT and PG systems, was observed.
Conclusions: Based on our findings, NT promotes C accumulation in subtropical paddy rice soils.
Implications: There is a beneficial effect of NT on rice yield stability and profitability in the long term.
Keywords: C lability, conservation soil management, no-till, paddy rice, profitability, soil organic matter, southern Brazil, yield.
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