The interaction between soil pH and phosphorus for wheat yield and the impact of lime-induced changes to soil aluminium and potassium
Craig A. Scanlan A D , Ross F. Brennan B , Mario F. D’Antuono C and Gavin A. Sarre A
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia, PO Box 483, Northam, WA 6401, Australia.
B Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia, 444 Albany Highway, Albany, WA 6330, Australia.
C Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia, Locked Bag 4 Bentley Delivery Centre, WA 6983, Australia.
D Corresponding author. Email: craig.scanlan@agric.wa.gov.au
Soil Research 55(4) 341-353 https://doi.org/10.1071/SR16274
Submitted: 12 October 2016 Accepted: 1 December 2016 Published: 9 January 2017
Abstract
Interactions between soil pH and phosphorus (P) for plant growth have been widely reported; however, most studies have been based on pasture species, and the agronomic importance of this interaction for acid-tolerant wheat in soils with near-sufficient levels of fertility is unclear. We conducted field experiments with wheat at two sites with acid soils where lime treatments that had been applied in the 6 years preceding the experiments caused significant changes to soil pH, extractable aluminium (Al), soil nutrients and exchangeable cations. Soil pH(CaCl2) at 0–10 cm was 4.7 without lime and 6.2 with lime at Merredin, and 4.7 without lime and 6.5 with lime at Wongan Hills. A significant lime × P interaction (P < 0.05) for grain yield was observed at both sites. At Merredin, this interaction was negative, i.e. the combined effect of soil pH and P was less than their additive effect; the difference between the dose–response curves without lime and with lime was greatest at 0 kg P ha–1 and the curves converged at 32 kg P ha–1. At Wongan Hills, the interaction was positive (combined effect greater than the additive effect), and lime application reduced grain yield. The lime × P interactions observed are agronomically important because different fertiliser P levels were required to maximise grain yield. A lime-induced reduction in Al phytotoxicity was the dominant mechanism for this interaction at Merredin. The negative grain yield response to lime at Wongan Hills was attributed to a combination of marginal soil potassium (K) supply and lime-induced reduction in soil K availability.
Additional keywords: nitrogen, soil acidity.
References
Allen DG, Jeffery RC (1990) ‘Methods of analysis of phosphorus in Western Australian soils.’ (Chemistry Centre of Western Australia: Perth)Amjad M (2013) Can we predict the best wheat variety for acid Al toxic soils? 2013 WA Crop Updates. Department of Agriculture and Food, Perth.
Anderson GC, Peverill KI, Brennan RF (2013) Soil sulfur–crop response calibration relationships and criteria for field crops grown in Australia. Crop & Pasture Science 64, 523–530.
| Soil sulfur–crop response calibration relationships and criteria for field crops grown in Australia.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics (ABARES) (2015) Australian commodity statistics 2015. Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Canberra. Available at http://www.agriculture.gov.au/abares/publications/ [Accessed 26 November 2016].
Baligar VC, Wright RJ, Ritchey KD, Ahlrichs JL, Woolum BK (1991) Soil and soil solution property effects on root growth of aluminium tolerant and intolerant wheat cultivars. In ‘Plant–soil interactions at low pH. Proceedings 2nd International Symposium on Plant–Soil Interactions at Low pH’, 24–29 June 1990, Beckley, WV, USA. (Eds RJ Wright, VC Baligar, RP Murrmann) pp. 245–252. (Springer: Dordrecht)
Barlow K, Christy B, O’Leary G, Nuttall J (2015a) Modelling the impact of frost on wheat production in Australia. In ‘Proceedings 17th ASA Conference’, 20–24 September 2015, Hobart. (Eds T Acuña, C Moeller, D Parsons, M Harrison). (Australian Society of Agronomy: Warragul)
Barlow KM, Christy BP, O’Leary GJ, Riffkin PA, Nuttall JG (2015b) Simulating the impact of extreme heat and frost events on wheat crop production: a review. Field Crops Research 171, 109–119.
| Simulating the impact of extreme heat and frost events on wheat crop production: a review.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Barrow NJ (1984) Modelling the effects of pH on phosphate sorption by soils. Journal of Soil Science 35, 283–297.
| Modelling the effects of pH on phosphate sorption by soils.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaL2cXkslWltLg%3D&md5=6f636d8788be3bd167088967740939b7CAS |
Barton L, Murphy DV, Butterbach-Bahl K (2013) Influence of crop rotation and liming on greenhouse gas emissions from a semi-arid soil. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 167, 23–32.
| Influence of crop rotation and liming on greenhouse gas emissions from a semi-arid soil.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3sXktlGjt7c%3D&md5=87dba4171e0b58f15a0517d8d0d73e56CAS |
Bell MJ, Strong W, Elliott D, Walker C (2013a) Soil nitrogen—crop response calibration relationships and criteria for winter cereal crops grown in Australia. Crop & Pasture Science 64, 442–460.
| Soil nitrogen—crop response calibration relationships and criteria for winter cereal crops grown in Australia.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3sXhtlakt73I&md5=dba2e142bd51aa7f6a94716d4a6cc20fCAS |
Bell R, Reuter D, Scott B, Sparrow L, Strong W, Chen W (2013b) Soil phosphorus–crop response calibration relationships and criteria for winter cereal crops grown in Australia. Crop & Pasture Science 64, 480–498.
| Soil phosphorus–crop response calibration relationships and criteria for winter cereal crops grown in Australia.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3sXhtlakt73N&md5=d8e9cf5265c9b48150ffc6570d858ff6CAS |
Blair GJ, Chinoim N, Lefroy RDB, Anderson GC, Crocker GJ (1991) A soil sulfur test for pastures and crops. Australian Journal of Soil Research 29, 619–626.
| A soil sulfur test for pastures and crops.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaK3MXmsFGjtr4%3D&md5=16bb4cd301f8761e0a29901bc162ad4bCAS |
Bolan NS, Adriano DC, Curtin D (2003) Soil acidification and liming interactions with nutrient and heavy metal transformation and bioavailability. Advances in Agronomy 78, 215–272.
| Soil acidification and liming interactions with nutrient and heavy metal transformation and bioavailability.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXjsl2nsbY%3D&md5=e99ba6f3ba5ae9722beba97b8e55de18CAS |
Bolland MDA, Brennan RF (2008) Comparing the phosphorus requirements of wheat, lupin, and canola. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 59, 983–998.
| Comparing the phosphorus requirements of wheat, lupin, and canola.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXht1equrnP&md5=8972f3907a1a91f364e656291381eac9CAS |
Bolland MDA, Gilkes RJ (2004) The systematic effect of soil P buffer capacity on Colwell soil P test v. plant response calibration exists only when field experiments are adjacent. Australian Journal of Soil Research 42, 763–766.
| The systematic effect of soil P buffer capacity on Colwell soil P test v. plant response calibration exists only when field experiments are adjacent.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXpslGksrs%3D&md5=acc91310de2739787281632b89d66845CAS |
Brennan RF, Bell MJ (2013) Soil potassium-crop response calibration relationships and criteria for field crops grown in Australia. Crop & Pasture Science 64, 514–522.
| Soil potassium-crop response calibration relationships and criteria for field crops grown in Australia.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3sXhtlakt73L&md5=e819c1ecedc80c8881b203b74f5dc34bCAS |
Brennan RF, Bolland MDA (2009a) Comparing the nitrogen and phosphorus requirements of canola and wheat for grain yield and quality. Crop & Pasture Science 60, 566–577.
| Comparing the nitrogen and phosphorus requirements of canola and wheat for grain yield and quality.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXntFequr0%3D&md5=cbc2c2387ec742eb1ff549c6caab82b7CAS |
Brennan RF, Bolland MDA (2009b) Comparing the nitrogen and potassium requirements of canola and wheat for yield and grain quality. Journal of Plant Nutrition 32, 2008–2026.
| Comparing the nitrogen and potassium requirements of canola and wheat for yield and grain quality.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXhtlKrt7fK&md5=922df45686d8679e049132cdc8538e47CAS |
Brennan RF, Bolland MDA (2015) Manganese deficiency in canola induced by liming to ameliorate soil acidity. Journal of Plant Nutrition 38, 886–903.
| Manganese deficiency in canola induced by liming to ameliorate soil acidity.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2MXltFaisrY%3D&md5=8970e9bda4e8204412b9d3d1dc5b4d89CAS |
Brennan RF, Bolland MDA, Bowden JW (2004) Potassium deficiency, and molybdenum deficiency and aluminium toxicity due to soil acidification, have become problems for cropping sandy soils in south-western Australia. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 44, 1031–1039.
| Potassium deficiency, and molybdenum deficiency and aluminium toxicity due to soil acidification, have become problems for cropping sandy soils in south-western Australia.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXhtVaisrnF&md5=ef8b38115b52421265d688fabc186183CAS |
Brien C (2016) ‘asremlPlus: Augments the use of ‘ASReml’ in fitting mixed models.’ (CRAN)
Bromfield SM (1987) Simple tests for the assessment of aluminium and manganese levels in acid soils. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 27, 399–404.
| Simple tests for the assessment of aluminium and manganese levels in acid soils.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaL1cXjs1Krug%3D%3D&md5=496f33a12d8a1620168607bd201c9230CAS |
Burgess S (1988) Going beyond single figure fertiliser recommendations. Journal of Agriculture Western Australia 29, 12–16.
Butler DG, Cullis BR, Gilmour AR, Gogel BJ (2009) ‘ASReml-R reference manual.’ (The State of Queensland, Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries: Brisbane)
Colwell JD (1963) The estimation of phosphorus fertiliser requirements of wheat in southern New South Wales by soil analysis. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture and Animal Husbandry 3, 190–198.
| The estimation of phosphorus fertiliser requirements of wheat in southern New South Wales by soil analysis.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaF2cXnvVOhsQ%3D%3D&md5=5b4d25bcba9cffea16388c44f096a015CAS |
Colwell JD (1965) An automatic procedure for the determination of phosphorus in sodium hydrogen carbonate extract of soil. Chemistry & Industry 10, 893–895.
Colwell JD, Esdaile RJ (1968) The calibration, interpretation and evaluation of tests for the phosphorus fertiliser requirement of wheat to northern New South Wales. Australian Journal of Soil Research 6, 105–120.
| The calibration, interpretation and evaluation of tests for the phosphorus fertiliser requirement of wheat to northern New South Wales.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Edwards AC (1991) Soil acidity and its interactions with phosphorus availability for a range of different crop types. In ‘Plant–soil interactions at low pH. Vol. 45’. (Eds RJ Wright, VC Baligar, RP Murrmann) pp. 299–305. (Springer: Dordrecht)
Edwards NK (1993) Distribution of potassium in the soil profile of a sandplain soil under pasture species. Plant and Soil 155–156, 407–410.
| Distribution of potassium in the soil profile of a sandplain soil under pasture species.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Fageria V (2001) Nutrient interactions in crop plants. Journal of Plant Nutrition 24, 1269–1290.
| Nutrient interactions in crop plants.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXlslOhsb4%3D&md5=b616dcc77a42378bd5534432dde42cb2CAS |
Fageria NK, Zimmermann FJP, Baligar VC (1995) Lime and phosphorus interactions on growth and nutrient uptake by upland rice, wheat, common bean, and corn in an Oxisol. Journal of Plant Nutrition 18, 2519–2532.
| Lime and phosphorus interactions on growth and nutrient uptake by upland rice, wheat, common bean, and corn in an Oxisol.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXps1yrurs%3D&md5=9efdb89f36c814552c5bc92c01e3ad1cCAS |
Friesen DK, Miller MH, Juo ASR (1980) Liming and lime-phosphorus-zinc interactions in two Nigerian Ultisols: II. Effects on maize root and shoot growth. Soil Science Society of America Journal 44, 1227–1232.
| Liming and lime-phosphorus-zinc interactions in two Nigerian Ultisols: II. Effects on maize root and shoot growth.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaL3MXmsVCnug%3D%3D&md5=ae38cefe7e289000299ac11ab898cf1eCAS |
Gazey C, Gartner D (2009) ‘Survey of Western Australian agricultural lime sources.’ (Department of Agriculture and Food: Perth)
George E, Horst WJ, Neumann E (2012) Adaptation of plants to adverse chemical soil conditions. In ‘Marschner’s mineral nutrition of higher plants’. 3rd edn. (Ed. P Marschner) pp. 409–472. (Academic Press: Cambridge, MA)
Harries M, Anderson GC, Hüberli D (2015) Crop sequences in Western Australia: what are they and are they sustainable? Findings of a four-year survey. Crop & Pasture Science 66, 634–647.
| Crop sequences in Western Australia: what are they and are they sustainable? Findings of a four-year survey.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2MXpt1Kksr4%3D&md5=dc7524430db7bbf0d5e89dc12856d834CAS |
Hashem A, Borger C (2014) Lime effects on the control of annual ryegrass and wild radish in low pH soils. 2014 WA Crop Updates. Department of Agriculture and Food, Perth.
Haynes RJ (1982) Effects of liming on phosphate availability in acid soils. Plant and Soil 68, 289–308.
| Effects of liming on phosphate availability in acid soils.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaL3sXntVymsg%3D%3D&md5=d2a3d8b0fa78bf87db7a8b304c0bade9CAS |
Haynes RJ (1984) Lime and phosphate in the soil–plant system. In ‘Advances in agronomy. Vol. 37’. (Ed. NC Brady) pp. 249–315. (Academic Press: Cambridge, MA)
Helyar KR, Anderson AJ (1970) Responses of five pasture species to phosphorus, lime, and nitrogen on an infertile acid soil with a high phosphate sorption capacity. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 21, 677–692.
| Responses of five pasture species to phosphorus, lime, and nitrogen on an infertile acid soil with a high phosphate sorption capacity.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Holford ICR (1983) Effects of lime on phosphate sorption characteristics, and exchangeable and soluble phosphate in fifteen acid soils. Australian Journal of Soil Research 21, 333–342.
| Effects of lime on phosphate sorption characteristics, and exchangeable and soluble phosphate in fifteen acid soils.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaL2cXit1Sntg%3D%3D&md5=7681edc263c6828b980f15de36b593e5CAS |
Holford I, Cullis B (1985) Effects of phosphate buffer capacity on yield response curvature and fertilizer requirements of wheat in relation to soil phosphate tests. Australian Journal of Soil Research 23, 417–427.
| Effects of phosphate buffer capacity on yield response curvature and fertilizer requirements of wheat in relation to soil phosphate tests.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Indorante SJ, Hammer RD, Koenig PG, Follmer LR (1990) Particle-size analysis by a modified pipette procedure. Soil Science Society of America Journal 54, 560–563.
| Particle-size analysis by a modified pipette procedure.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Isbell RF (2002) ‘The Australian soil classification.’ (CSIRO Publishing: Melbourne)
IUSS Working Group WRB (2015) ‘World Reference Base for Soil Resources 2014.’ Update 2015. (FAO: Rome)
Jahn R, Blume H, Asio V, Spaargaren O, Schad P (2006) ‘Guidelines for soil description.’ (FAO: Rome)
Jeffrey SJ, Carter JO, Moodie KB, Beswick AR (2001) Using spatial interpolation to construct a comprehensive archive of Australian climate data. Environmental Modelling & Software 16, 309–330.
| Using spatial interpolation to construct a comprehensive archive of Australian climate data.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Kemmitt SJ, Wright D, Goulding KWT, Jones DL (2006) pH regulation of carbon and nitrogen dynamics in two agricultural soils. Soil Biology & Biochemistry 38, 898–911.
| pH regulation of carbon and nitrogen dynamics in two agricultural soils.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XjvFSisb4%3D&md5=1de4e187ffda43ec679c731dc501b688CAS |
Liebhardt WC (1981) The basic cation saturation ratio concept and lime and potassium recommendations on Delaware’s coastal plain soils. Soil Science Society of America Journal 45, 544–549.
| The basic cation saturation ratio concept and lime and potassium recommendations on Delaware’s coastal plain soils.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaL3MXksl2jur4%3D&md5=0817794b2f5e35ec291690569e8456c8CAS |
Ma Q, Tang H, Rengel Z, Shen J (2013) Banding phosphorus and ammonium enhances nutrient uptake by maize via modifying root spatial distribution. Crop & Pasture Science 64, 965–975.
MacNish GC (1988) Changes in take-all (Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici), Rhizoctonia root rot (Rhizoctonia solani) and soil pH in continuous wheat with annual applications of nitrogenous fertiliser in Western Australia. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 28, 333–341.
| Changes in take-all (Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici), Rhizoctonia root rot (Rhizoctonia solani) and soil pH in continuous wheat with annual applications of nitrogenous fertiliser in Western Australia.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
MacNish GC, Speijers J (1982) The use of ammonium fertilisers to reduce the severity of take-all (Gaeumannomyces graminis var tritici) on wheat in Western Australia. Annals of Applied Biology 100, 83–90.
| The use of ammonium fertilisers to reduce the severity of take-all (Gaeumannomyces graminis var tritici) on wheat in Western Australia.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Marschner P, Rengel Z (2012) Nutrient availability in soils. In ‘Marschner’s mineral nutrition of higher plants’. 3rd edn. (Ed. P Marschner) pp. 315–330. (Academic Press: Cambridge, MA)
McBeath TM, McLaughlin MJ, Kirby JK, Armstrong RD (2012) The effect of soil water status on fertiliser, topsoil and subsoil phosphorus utilisation by wheat. Plant and Soil 358, 337–348.
| The effect of soil water status on fertiliser, topsoil and subsoil phosphorus utilisation by wheat.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38Xht1KmtrbP&md5=9d7bf1d00720f69da58259ec8ca1b61cCAS |
McKenzie N, Jacquier D, Isbell R, Brown K (2004) ‘Australian soils and landscapes: an illustrated compendium.’ (CSIRO Publishing: Melbourne)
McQuaker NR, Brown DF, Kluckner PD (1979) Digestion of environmental materials for analysis by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry. Analytical Chemistry 51, 1082–1084.
| Digestion of environmental materials for analysis by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaE1MXitFCls74%3D&md5=5c2fe06627dcea801f046dcf7d3e386aCAS |
Miles N, Eckard RJ (1991) Lime-phosphorus interactions in the growth of temperate pasture species on highly-weathered soils. South African Journal of Plant and Soil 8, 200–205.
| Lime-phosphorus interactions in the growth of temperate pasture species on highly-weathered soils.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaK38XitlCmuro%3D&md5=afda9e86c1c175e865dc16b1e0eaa6ffCAS |
Moody PW (2007) Interpretation of a single-point P buffering index for adjusting critical levels of the Colwell soil P test. Australian Journal of Soil Research 45, 55–62.
| Interpretation of a single-point P buffering index for adjusting critical levels of the Colwell soil P test.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXhs1yqsL0%3D&md5=866f225c108857f284b00e01cb24af08CAS |
Moore G, Hall D, Russell J (1998) Soil water. In ‘Soilguide: a handbook for understanding and managing agricultural soils’. (Ed. G Moore) pp. 80–93. (Agriculture Western Australia: Perth)
Mullins GL, Sikora FJ (1995) Effect of soil pH on the requirement for water-soluble phosphorus in triple superphosphate fertilizers. Fertilizer Research 40, 207–214.
| Effect of soil pH on the requirement for water-soluble phosphorus in triple superphosphate fertilizers.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Munns DN (1965a) Soil acidity and growth of a legume. I. Interactions of lime with nitrogen and phosphate on growth of Medicago sativa L. and Trifolium subterraneum L. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 16, 733–741.
| Soil acidity and growth of a legume. I. Interactions of lime with nitrogen and phosphate on growth of Medicago sativa L. and Trifolium subterraneum L.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaF28XntFGr&md5=fb07b6c566bded3b4fe9f15e9d700c67CAS |
Munns DN (1965b) Soil acidity and growth of a legume. II. Reactions of aluminium and phosphate in solution and effects of aluminium, phosphate, calcium, and pH on Medicago sativa L. and Trifolium subterraneum L. in solution culture. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 16, 743–755.
| Soil acidity and growth of a legume. II. Reactions of aluminium and phosphate in solution and effects of aluminium, phosphate, calcium, and pH on Medicago sativa L. and Trifolium subterraneum L. in solution culture.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaF28XntFGq&md5=d1429d24e2521260fd5898aeb0309e8eCAS |
Okalebo J, Mackenzie A (1978) A field comparison study of ammonium phosphates and superphosphate-urea or ammonium nitrate on corn (Zea mays L.) growth in five Quebec soils. Canadian Journal of Soil Science 58, 221–228.
| A field comparison study of ammonium phosphates and superphosphate-urea or ammonium nitrate on corn (Zea mays L.) growth in five Quebec soils.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaE1cXkslCqsrw%3D&md5=514b81f6012b1471810cb3f240373880CAS |
Okalebo J, Njuho P, Gathua K (1990) Effects of form and method of phosphate fertilizer application on maize, sorghum and millet growth in a semi-arid environment of Kenya. I. Effect on maize and sorghum. East African Agricultural and Forestry Journal 55, 227–238.
Oliver YM, Robertson MJ, Stone PJ, Whitbread A (2009) Improving estimates of water-limited yield of wheat by accounting for soil type and within-season rainfall. Crop & Pasture Science 60, 1137–1146.
| Improving estimates of water-limited yield of wheat by accounting for soil type and within-season rainfall.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Paynter B (2014) Litmus barley—improved tolerance to soil acidity, crop updates. GRDC Update Papers. Grains Research and Development Corporation, Canberra. Available at https://grdc.com.au/Research-and-Development/GRDC-Update-Papers/2014/05/Litmus-barley-improved-tolerance-to-soil-acidity [Verified 9 December 2016].
R Core Team (2015) ‘R: A language and environment for statistical computing.’ (R Foundation for Statistical Computing: Vienna)
Raman H, Ryan PR, Raman R, Stodart BJ, Zhang K, Martin P, Wood R, Sasaki T, Yamamoto Y, Mackay M, Hebb DM, Delhaize E (2008) Analysis of TaALMT1 traces the transmission of aluminum resistance in cultivated common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Theoretical and Applied Genetics 116, 343–354.
| Analysis of TaALMT1 traces the transmission of aluminum resistance in cultivated common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXps1Shug%3D%3D&md5=42ce594dfc7a3248e5e3a6153d6a9ebfCAS |
Rayment GE, Lyons DJ (2011) ‘Soil chemical methods: Australasia.’ (CSIRO Publishing: Melbourne)
Reuter DJ, Edwards DG, Wilhelm NS (1997) Temperate crops. In ‘Plant analysis—an interpretation manual.’ (Eds DJ Reuter, JB Robinson) pp. 81–284. (CSIRO Publishing: Melbourne)
Rosolem CA, Pereira HFM, Bessa MA, Amaral PG (1991) Nitrogen in soil and cotton growth as affected by liming and nitrogen fertilizer. In ‘Plant–soil interactions at low pH. Vol. 45’. (Eds RJ Wright, VC Baligar, RP Murrmann) pp. 321–325. (Springer: Dordrecht)
Scanlan C, Brennan R, Sarre GA (2015a) Effect of soil pH and crop sequence on the response of wheat (Triticum aestivum) to phosphorus fertiliser. Crop & Pasture Science 66, 23–31.
Scanlan CA, Bell RW, Brennan RF (2015b) Simulating wheat growth response to potassium availability under field conditions in sandy soils. II. Effect of subsurface potassium on grain yield response to potassium fertiliser. Field Crops Research 178, 125–134.
| Simulating wheat growth response to potassium availability under field conditions in sandy soils. II. Effect of subsurface potassium on grain yield response to potassium fertiliser.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Searle PL (1984) The berthelot or indophenol reaction and its use in the analytical chemistry of nitrogen. A review. Analyst 109, 549–568.
| The berthelot or indophenol reaction and its use in the analytical chemistry of nitrogen. A review.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaL2cXlsVartbk%3D&md5=d7a93d0d133c8567acf4e496090c6b3aCAS |
Seymour M, Kirkegaard JA, Peoples MB, White PF, French RJ (2012) Break-crop benefits to wheat in Western Australia—insights from over three decades of research. Crop & Pasture Science 63, 1–16.
| Break-crop benefits to wheat in Western Australia—insights from over three decades of research.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Shoop GJ, Brooks CR, Blaser RE, Thomas GW (1961) Differential responses of grasses and legumes to liming and phosphorus fertilization. Agronomy Journal 53, 111–115.
| Differential responses of grasses and legumes to liming and phosphorus fertilization.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaF3MXnt1CrtA%3D%3D&md5=b55b1a9bb03777265c6299264da052e0CAS |
Slattery WJ, Coventry DR (1993) Response of wheat, triticale, barley, and canola to lime on four soil types in north-eastern Victoria. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 33, 609–618.
| Response of wheat, triticale, barley, and canola to lime on four soil types in north-eastern Victoria.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaK2cXisVegu70%3D&md5=2e9cd7ded7d2c468a36db861a9e231d8CAS |
Slattery WJ, Conyers MK, Aitken RL (1999) Soil pH, aluminium, manganese and lime requirement. In ‘Soil analysis. An interpretation manual’. (Eds KI Peverill, LA Sparrow, DJ Reuter) pp. 103–128. (CSIRO Publishing: Melbourne)
Sumner ME, Farina PMW (1986) Phosphorus interactions with other nutrients and lime in field cropping systems. Advances in Soil Science 5, 201–236.
| Phosphorus interactions with other nutrients and lime in field cropping systems.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Tang C, Asseng S, Diatloff E, Rengel Z (2003) Modelling yield losses of aluminium-resistant and aluminium-sensitive wheat due to subsurface soil acidity: effects of rainfall, liming and nitrogen application. Plant and Soil 254, 349–360.
| Modelling yield losses of aluminium-resistant and aluminium-sensitive wheat due to subsurface soil acidity: effects of rainfall, liming and nitrogen application.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXmvVaitLo%3D&md5=1c57896ba2768b20f6ddbb63e130ae5bCAS |
Thomas BM, Rengel Z (2002) Di-ammonium phosphate and mono-ammonium phosphate improve canola growth when banded in a P-fixing soil compared with triple superphosphate. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 53, 1211–1218.
| Di-ammonium phosphate and mono-ammonium phosphate improve canola growth when banded in a P-fixing soil compared with triple superphosphate.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38Xps1Kgs7c%3D&md5=22f8fc3654d94f484d3aa4cff9a780f4CAS |
Trainor G, Zaicou-Kunesch C, Dhammu H, Shackley B, Shankar M (2015) ‘2015 Wheat variety guide for Western Australia.’ (Department of Agriculture and Food: Perth)
van Herwaarden AF, Richards RA, Farquhar GD, Angus JF (1998) ‘Haying-off’, the negative grain yield response of dryland wheat to nitrogen fertiliser III. The influence of water deficit and heat shock. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 49, 1095–1110.
| ‘Haying-off’, the negative grain yield response of dryland wheat to nitrogen fertiliser III. The influence of water deficit and heat shock.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
VSN International (2013) ‘Genstat for Windows.’ 16th edn (VSN International: Hemel Hempstead)
Walkley A, Black IA (1934) An examination of the Degtjareff method for determining soil organic matter, a proposed modification of the chromic acid titration method. Soil Science 37, 29–38.
| An examination of the Degtjareff method for determining soil organic matter, a proposed modification of the chromic acid titration method.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaA2cXitlGmug%3D%3D&md5=228f3c4b336b2a210f0fcda1e493832aCAS |
Weaver D, Wong MF (2011) Scope to improve phosphorus (P) management and balance efficiency of crop and pasture soils with contrasting P status and buffering indices. Plant and Soil 349, 37–54.
| Scope to improve phosphorus (P) management and balance efficiency of crop and pasture soils with contrasting P status and buffering indices.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXhsFKntb3J&md5=7689bde6a53c8bd99ccb4eb082762927CAS |
Wheeler DM, Edmeades DC, Morton JD (1997) Effect of lime on yield, N fixation, and plant N uptake from the soil by pasture on 3 contrasting trials in New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research 40, 397–408.
| Effect of lime on yield, N fixation, and plant N uptake from the soil by pasture on 3 contrasting trials in New Zealand.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Zadoks JC, Chang TT, Konzak CF (1974) A decimal code for the growth stages of cereals. Weed Research 14, 415–421.
| A decimal code for the growth stages of cereals.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Zhang X, Rengel Z (2000) Role of soil pH, Ca supply, and banded P fertilisers in modulating ammonia toxicity to wheat. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 51, 691–699.
| Role of soil pH, Ca supply, and banded P fertilisers in modulating ammonia toxicity to wheat.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXmtFKjtrg%3D&md5=79b77bc142c651401e001b3c03065388CAS |
