Relationships between soil organic matter and the soil microbial biomass (size, functional diversity, and community structure) in crop and pasture systems in a semi-arid environment
D. V. Murphy A F , W. R. Cookson A , M. Braimbridge A B , P. Marschner C , D. L. Jones D , E. A. Stockdale E and L. K. Abbott A
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Soil Biology Group, School of Earth and Environment, UWA Institute of Agriculture, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
B Western Australian Department of Agriculture, Katanning Regional Office, 10 Dore St, Katanning 6317, Australia.
C Soil and Land Systems, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Adelaide, DP 636, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
D School of the Environment and Natural Resources, Bangor University, Gwynedd, LL57 2UW, UK.
E School of Agriculture Food and Rural Development, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK.
F Corresponding author. Email: daniel.murphy@uwa.edu.au
Soil Research 49(7) 582-594 https://doi.org/10.1071/SR11203
Submitted: 23 June 2008 Accepted: 23 August 2011 Published: 11 November 2011
Abstract
The quantity and/or quality of soil organic matter (SOM) and its fractions regulate microbial community composition and associated function. In this study an established, replicated agricultural systems trial in a semi-arid environment was used to test: (i) whether agricultural systems which have increased plant residue inputs increase the amount of labile SOM relative to total SOM, or change the quality of SOM fractions; and (ii) whether the size or quality of OM fractions is most strongly linked to the size, activity, functional diversity, and community structure of the soil microbial biomass. Soil (0–50 mm) was collected following 5 years of continuous wheat, crop rotation, crop–pasture rotation, annual pasture, or perennial pasture. Pastures were grazed by sheep. Direct drilling and non-inversion tillage techniques were compared in some cropping systems. Total carbon (C) increased with the proportion of pasture as a result of increased SOM inputs into these systems; land use also significantly affected SOM fractions and their chemical and physical nature. While the size, function, and structure of the soil microbial community were somewhat related to total soil C, they were better correlated with SOM fractions. The C : nitrogen (N) ratio of light fraction organic matter could be used to predict the amount of potentially mineralisable N in soil, while the C : N ratio of total SOM could not. Measurement of bacterial community structure (using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis) significantly discriminated between land uses, while community-level physiological profiles revealed fewer differences. Overall, our findings support the premise that labile fractions of SOM are more strongly related to microbial community structure and function than is total SOM.
Additional keywords: bacterial diversity, carbon sequestration, labile carbon, soil biology, soil nitrogen supply, zero-tillage.
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