Phylogenetic analysis of the subtribe Chloraeinae (Orchidaceae): a preliminary approach based on three chloroplast markers
M. Amelia Chemisquy A B and Osvaldo Morrone AA Instituto de Botánica Darwinion (CONICET, ANCEFN), Labardén 200, Casilla de Correo 22, B1642HYD San Isidro, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
B Corresponding author. Email: machemisquy@darwin.edu.ar
Australian Systematic Botany 23(1) 38-46 https://doi.org/10.1071/SB09026
Submitted: 2 June 2009 Accepted: 19 November 2009 Published: 17 February 2010
Abstract
The systematic position and relationships between some South American terrestrial orchids, such as Bipinnula Comm. ex Juss., Chloraea Lindl., Gavilea Poepp. and Geoblasta Barb. Rodr., is unclear. These four genera have been grouped in the subtribe Chloraeinae by several authors. Previous phylogenetic studies of the group have included only a few species of Chloraea and Gavilea and not of Bipinnula or Geoblasta. Relationships among these four genera were explored and the monophyly of the subtribe Chloraeinae and the genera Chloraea and Gavilea were tested in this contribution. Molecular phylogenetic analyses were conducted, using the following three chloroplast markers: the matK–trnK intron, the atpB–rbcL spacer and the rpoC1 gene. Sequences were analysed under maximum parsimony and Bayesian inference. In all the analyses, Bipinnula, Chloraea, Gavilea and Geoblasta were grouped in a clade with high support, where Bipinnula, Geoblasta and Gavilea were nested inside Chloraea. Consequently, Chloraea was paraphyletic, whereas Gavilea turned out to be monophyletic with high values of support. The other species of tribe Cranichideae appeared as sister groups of the Chloraeinae. A more exhaustive taxonomic sampling is needed to resolve the systematic placement of the subtribe Chloraeinae and the internal relationships between the genera and species that form it.
Acknowledgements
We thank James Solomon and Alyse Rothrock (Missoury Botanical Garden) and Natalia Álvarez, Manuel Belgrano, Silvana Sede and Fernando Zuloaga (Instituto de Botánica Darwinion) for the tissue samples; Lone Aagesen and Liliana Giussani for critically reading the manuscript; Mariana Valente for helping with the figures; Victoria Gonzalez Eusevi for checking the English; Pancho Prevosti for helping with some analyses and for the stimulating discussion of the results and the methods. We also thank two anonymous reviewers and the editors for the comments that helped improve this manuscript. Field trips were possible thanks to the Myndel Botanica Foundation. CONICET provided financial support.
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