Simonachne, a new genus for Australia segregated from Ancistrachne s.l. (Poaceae : Panicoideae : Paniceae) and a new subtribe Cleistochloinae
E. J. Thompson
A *
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A c/o Queensland Herbarium, Department of Environment and Science, Brisbane Botanic Gardens, Mt Coot-tha Road, Toowong, Qld 4066, Australia.
Australian Systematic Botany 35(1) 19-62 https://doi.org/10.1071/SB20024
Submitted: 4 September 2020 Accepted: 18 January 2022 Published: 11 April 2022
© 2022 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND)
Abstract
A new genus, Simonachne E.J.Thomps. is described and Ancistrachne maidenii (A.A.Ham.) Vickery is transferred to it as Simonachne maidenii (A.A.Ham.) E.J.Thomps. The new subtribe Cleistochloinae E.J.Thomps. is described and is composed of four genera, Calyptochloa, Cleistochloa, Dimorphochloa and Simonachne, united by distinctive morphology that is associated with reproductive dimorphism. Phenetic analyses were used to examine the similarities of taxa and to test the consistency of results with variation in analysis inputs. Input variations included the dataset in terms of composition of the samples and morphological characters, and the cluster analysis algorithms, viz. classification, ordination and association measure. A baseline dataset was used for comparison of results and comprised 24 samples and 161 characters relating to anatomy, micro- and macromorphology of spikelets, leaves and fertile culms. Three major clusters were resolved, Cleistochloinae (‘the cleistogamy group’), Neurachninae in its original sense, and a cluster referred to as the ‘paniculate inflorescence group’ composed of Ancistrachne s.s., Entolasia and Panicum s.s. The results were congruent with a recent phylogenetic study that showed that Ancistrachne s.l., Cleistochloa s.l. and Dimorphochloa s.l. were not monophyletic. The process provided an array of morphological characters for descriptions of species and for distinguishing taxa at multiple ranks in natural groups, components of alpha and beta taxonomy respectively.
Keywords: Ancistrachne, Ancistrachne maidenii, Calyptochloa, Cleistochloa, Cleistochloinae, clusters, Dimorphochloa, morphology, Neurachninae, phenetics, similarity, Simonachne, ‘the cleistogamy group’.
References
Acedo C, Llamas F (2001) Variation of micromorphology characters of lemma and palea in the genus Bromus (Poaceae). Annales Botanici Fennici 38, 1–14.Aliscioni S, Ospina JC, Gomiz NE (2016) Morphology and leaf anatomy of Setaria s.l. (Poaceae: Panicoideae) and its taxonomic significance. Plant Systematics and Evolution 302, 173–185.
| Morphology and leaf anatomy of Setaria s.l. (Poaceae: Panicoideae) and its taxonomic significance.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Austin MP, Belbin L (1982) A new approach to the species classification problem in floristic analysis. Australian Journal of Ecology 7, 75–89.
| A new approach to the species classification problem in floristic analysis.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Beentje H (2010) ‘The Kew Plant Glossary an illustrated dictionary of plant terms.’ (Kew Publishing, Kew: London, UK)
Blake ST (1941) New genera of Australian grasses. University of Queensland Papers, Department of Biology 1, 1–12.
Brown WV (1959) The epiblast and coleoptile in the grass embryo. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 86, 13–16.
| The epiblast and coleoptile in the grass embryo.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Brown WV (1960) The morphology of the grass embryo. Phytomorphology 10, 215–223.
Campbell CS, Quinn JA, Cheplick GP, Bell TJ (1983) Cleistogamy in grasses. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 14, 411–441.
| Cleistogamy in grasses.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Carolyn RC, Jacobs SLW (1973) The structure of the cells of the mesophyll and parenchymous bundle sheath of the Gramineae. Botanical Journal of Linnean Society 66, 295–275.
Chase A (1918) Axillary cleistogenes in some American grasses. American Journal of Botany 5, 254–258.
| Axillary cleistogenes in some American grasses.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Christin PA, Wallace MJ, Clayton H, Furbank RT, Hattersley PW, Sage RF, Macfarlane TD, Ludwig M (2012) Multiple photosynthetic transitions, polypoidy, and lateral gene transfer in the grass subtribe Neurachninae. Journal of Experimental Botany 63, 6297–6308.
| Multiple photosynthetic transitions, polypoidy, and lateral gene transfer in the grass subtribe Neurachninae.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 23077201PubMed |
Clayton WD (1974) Gramineae. In ‘Flora of West Tropical Africa: Vol. 3, Part 2 Juncaceae-Gramineae’. (Eds J Hutchison, JM Dalziel) (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew: London, UK)
Clayton WD (1987) Miscellaneous notes on panicoid grasses. Kew Bulletin 42, 401–403.
| Miscellaneous notes on panicoid grasses.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Clayton WD, Renvoize SA (1982). Gramineae (Part 3). XXIX Paniceae. In ‘Flora of Tropical East Africa’. (Ed. RM Polhill) (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew: London, UK)
Clayton WD, Renvoize DW (1986) ‘Genera Graminum Grasses of the World.’ (Her Majesty’s Stationery Office: London, UK)
Clifford HT, Goodall DW (1967) A numerical contribution to the classification of the Poaceae. Australian Journal of Botany 15, 499–519.
Clifford HT, Williams WT (1973) Classificatory dendrograms and their interpretation. Australian Journal of Botany 21, 151–162.
| Classificatory dendrograms and their interpretation.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
De Wet JM (1960) Culm anatomy in relation to taxonomy. Bothalia 7, 311–316.
| Culm anatomy in relation to taxonomy.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Dengler NG, Dengler RE, Donnelly PM, Hattersley PW (1994) Quantitative leaf anatomy of C3 and C4 grasses (Poaceae): bundle sheath and mesophyll surface area relationships. Annals of Botany 73, 241–255.
| Quantitative leaf anatomy of C3 and C4 grasses (Poaceae): bundle sheath and mesophyll surface area relationships.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Ellis RP (1976) A procedure for standardizing comparative leaf anatomy in the Poaceae: 1. The leaf-blade as viewed in transverse section. Bothalia 12, 65–109.
Ellis RP (1979) A procedure for standardizing comparative leaf anatomy in the Poaceae: 2. The epidermis as seen in surface view. Bothalia 12, 641–671.
Endress PK (2010) Disentangling confusions in inflorescence morphology. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 48, 225–239.
| Disentangling confusions in inflorescence morphology.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Frohlich MW (1984) Freehand sectioning with parafilm. Stain Technology 59, 61–62.
| Freehand sectioning with parafilm.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 6548052PubMed |
Gibson DJ (2009) ‘Grasses & Grassland Ecology.’ (Oxford University Press: Oxford, UK)
(2012) New grass phylogeny resolves deep evolutionary relationships and discovers C4 origins. New Phytologist 193, 304–312.
| New grass phylogeny resolves deep evolutionary relationships and discovers C4 origins.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Guedes M, Dupuy P (1976) Comparative morphology of lodicules in grasses. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 73, 317–331.
| Comparative morphology of lodicules in grasses.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Guerra-Garcia JM, Espinosa F, Garcia-Gȯmez JC (2008) Trends in taxonomy today: an overview about the main topics in taxonomy. Zoologica Baetica 19, 15–49.
Hamilton AA (1913) A new species of Eriochloa from the Hawksbury River. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 37, 709–711.
| A new species of Eriochloa from the Hawksbury River.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Harris JG, Harris MW (1994) ‘Plant identification terminology: an illustrated glossary.’ (Spring Lake Publishing: Spring Lake, UT, USA)
Harun N, Shaheen S, Ahmad M, Shahid MNS (2020) Light and scanning microscopy-based foliar micro morphological tools for the identification of fodder grass taxa. Microscopy Research and Technique 83, 953–978.
| Light and scanning microscopy-based foliar micro morphological tools for the identification of fodder grass taxa.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 32378268PubMed |
Hattersley PW, Watson L, Johnson CR (1982) Remarkable leaf anatomical variations in Neurachne and its allies (Poaceae) in relation to C3 and C4 photosynthesis. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 84, 265–272.
| Remarkable leaf anatomical variations in Neurachne and its allies (Poaceae) in relation to C3 and C4 photosynthesis.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Hillis DM (1987) Molecular versus morphological approaches to systematics. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 18, 23–42.
| Molecular versus morphological approaches to systematics.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Hillis DM, Wiens, JJ (2000) Molecules versus morphology in systematics: conflicts, artifacts, and misconceptions. In ‘Phylogenetic Analysis of Morphological Data’. (Ed. JJ Wiens) pp. 1–19. (Smithsonian Institution Press: Washington, DC, USA)
Hilu KW, Randall JL (1984) Convenient method for studying grass leaf epidermis. Taxon 33, 413–415.
| Convenient method for studying grass leaf epidermis.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Hilu KW, Wright K (1982) Systematics of Gramineae, a cluster analysis study. Taxon 31, 9–36.
| Systematics of Gramineae, a cluster analysis study.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Hsu CC (1965) The classification of Panicum (Gramineae) and its allies with special reference to the characters of lodicule, style-base and lemma. Journal of the Faculty of Science University of Tokyo, Section III, Botany 9, 43–150.
Jacobs SWL, Whalley RDB, Wheeler DJB (2008) ‘Grasses of New South Wales.’ (University of New England: Armidale, NSW, Australia)
Jattisha PI, Sabu M (2015) Foliar phytoliths as an aid to the identification of Paniceae (Panicoideae: Poaceae) grasses in South India. Webbia 70, 115–131.
| Foliar phytoliths as an aid to the identification of Paniceae (Panicoideae: Poaceae) grasses in South India.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Jirasek V, Jozifova M (1968) Morphology of lodicules, their variability and importance in the taxonomy of the Poaceae family. Boletin de la Siciedad Argentina de Botanica 12, 324–349.
Johnson RJ (1982) Effect of weighting and the size of the attribute set in numerical analysis. Australian Journal of Botany 30, 161–174.
| Effect of weighting and the size of the attribute set in numerical analysis.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Kellogg EA (2006) Beyond taxonomy: prospects for understanding morphological diversity in the grasses (Poaceae). Darwiniana 44, 7–17.
Kellogg EA (2015) ‘The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants. Flowering Plants: Monocots: Poaceae.’ (Springer: Cham, Switzerland)
Kennedy PB (1899) The structure of the caryopsis of grasses with reference to their morphology and classification. U.S. Department of Agriculture Division of Agrostology Bulletin 19, 1–14.
Klak C (1994) Embryo and caryopsis morphology of danthonioid grasses (Arundinoideae: Poaceae): important characters for their systematics? Honours thesis, University of Cape Town, South Africa. Available at http://hdl.handle.net/11427/25967
Kosina R (1995) Remarks on taxonomy of some species of Elytrigia s.l. (Tritceae) in the light of embryo morphology. Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 64, 295–302.
| Remarks on taxonomy of some species of Elytrigia s.l. (Tritceae) in the light of embryo morphology.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Krishnan S, Samson NP, Ravichandran P, Narasimhan D, Dayasnandan P (2000) Phytoliths of Indian grasses and their potential use in identification. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 132, 241–252.
| Phytoliths of Indian grasses and their potential use in identification.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Lazarides M, Webster RD (1984) Yakirra (Paniceae, Poaceae), a new genus for Australia. Brunonia 7, 289–296.
| Yakirra (Paniceae, Poaceae), a new genus for Australia.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Lipscomb DL (1992) Parsimony, homology and the analysis of multistate characters. Cladistics 8, 45–65.
| Parsimony, homology and the analysis of multistate characters.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 34929948PubMed |
Liu Q, Zhao N-X, Hao G, Hu X-Y, Liu Y-X (2005) Caryopsis morphology of the Chloridoideae (Gramineae) and its systematic implications. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 148, 57–72.
| Caryopsis morphology of the Chloridoideae (Gramineae) and its systematic implications.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Liu Q, Zhang DX, Peterson PM (2010) Lemma micromorphological characters in the Chloridoideae (Poaceae) optimized on a molecular phylogeny. South African Journal of Botany 76, 196–209.
| Lemma micromorphological characters in the Chloridoideae (Poaceae) optimized on a molecular phylogeny.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Liu H, Hu XY, Liu YX, Liu Q (2015) Caryopsis micromorphology survey of Sorghum (Poaceae): taxonomic implications. South African Journal of Botany 99, 1–11.
| Caryopsis micromorphology survey of Sorghum (Poaceae): taxonomic implications.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Lu H, Zhang J, Wu N, Liu K-B, Xu D, Li Q (2009) Phytoliths analysis for the discrimination of foxtails millet (Setaria italica) and common millet (Panicum miliaceum). Plos One 4, 1–15.
| Phytoliths analysis for the discrimination of foxtails millet (Setaria italica) and common millet (Panicum miliaceum).Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Mashau AC, Fish L, van Wyk AE (2015) Taxonomic significance of the abaxial lemma surface in southern African members of Helictotrichon (Poaceae). Bothalia 45, 1–8.
| Taxonomic significance of the abaxial lemma surface in southern African members of Helictotrichon (Poaceae).Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Metcalfe CR (1960) ‘Anatomy of the Monocotyledons 1. Gramineae.’ (Oxford University Press: London, UK)
Morrone O, Aagesen L, Scataglini MA, Salariato DL, Denham SS, Chemisquy MA, Sede SM, Giussani LM, Kellogg EA, Zuloaga FO (2012) Phylogeny of the Paniceae (Poaceae: Panicoideae): integrating plastid DNA sequences and morphology into a new classification. Cladistics 28, 333–356.
| Phylogeny of the Paniceae (Poaceae: Panicoideae): integrating plastid DNA sequences and morphology into a new classification.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 34836451PubMed |
Neumann K, Fahmy AG, Muller-Scheeβel N, Schmidt M (2017) Taxonomic, ecological and paleoecological significance of leaf phytoliths in West African grasses. Quaternary International 434B, 15–32.
Newmaster SG, Balasubramaniam V, Murugesan M, Ragupathy S (2008) Tripogon cope (Poaceae: Chloridoideae), a new species supported by morphometric analysis and a synopsis of Tripogon in India. Systematic Botany 33, 695–701.
| Tripogon cope (Poaceae: Chloridoideae), a new species supported by morphometric analysis and a synopsis of Tripogon in India.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Olonova MV, Barkworth ME, Gudkova PD (2016) Lemma micromorphology and the systematics of Siberian species of Stipa (Poaceae). Nordic Journal of Botany 34, 322–334.
| Lemma micromorphology and the systematics of Siberian species of Stipa (Poaceae).Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Peichoto MC, Welker CAD, Neffa VGS (2015) Morphometric analysis of Schizachyrium (Poaceae – Andropogoneae) reveals two new species from South America. Systematic Botany 40, 461–473.
| Morphometric analysis of Schizachyrium (Poaceae – Andropogoneae) reveals two new species from South America.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Pereira MP, Perez GE, Balbuena ES (2007) European sweet vernal grasses (Anthoxanthum: Pooideae: Aveneae): a morphometric taxonomic approach. Systematic Biology 32, 43–59.
Piperno DR, Pearsall DM (1998) The silica bodies of the tropical American grasses: morphology, taxonomy, and implications for grass systematics and fossil phytolith identification. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 85, 1–40.
| The silica bodies of the tropical American grasses: morphology, taxonomy, and implications for grass systematics and fossil phytolith identification.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Poe S, Wiens JJ (2000) Character selection and the methodology of morphological phylogenetics. In ‘Phylogenetic Analysis of Morphological Data’. (Ed. JJ Wiens) pp. 20–36. (Smithsonian Institution Press: Washington, DC, USA)
Reeder JR (1957) The embryo in grass systematics. American Journal of Botany 44, 756–768.
| The embryo in grass systematics.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Renvoize SA (1987) A survey of leaf-blade anatomy in grasses XI Paniceae. Kew Bulletin 42, 739–768.
| A survey of leaf-blade anatomy in grasses XI Paniceae.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Scotland RW, Olmstead RG, Bennett JR (2003) Phylogenetic reconstruction: the role of morphology. Systematic Biology 52, 539–548.
| Phylogenetic reconstruction: the role of morphology.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 12857644PubMed |
Simon BK (2002) Key to genera of Australian grasses. In ‘Flora of Australia. Poaceae 1: Introduction and Atlas’, Vol. 43. (Eds K Mallett, AE Orchard) pp. 263–277. (ABRS: Canberra, ACT, Australia; and CSIRO: Melbourne, Vic., Australia)
Siqueiros-Delgado ME (2007) Culm anatomy of Bouteloua and relatives (Gramineae: Chloridoideae: Boutelouinae). Acta Botanica Mexicana 78, 39–59.
| Culm anatomy of Bouteloua and relatives (Gramineae: Chloridoideae: Boutelouinae).Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Siqueiros-Delgado ME, Herrera-Arrieta Y (1996) Taxonomic value of culm anatomical characters in the species of Bouteoua Lagasca (Poaceae: Eragrostoideae). Phytologia 81, 124–141.
Smith, GR (1990) Homology in morphometrics and phylogenetics. In ‘Proceedings of the Michigan Morphometrics Workshop’. (Eds FJ Rohif, FL Bookstein) pp. 325–338. (The University of Michigan Museum of Zoology: Ann Arbor, MI, USA)
Smith ND, Turner AH (2005) Morphology’s role in phylogenetic reconstruction: perspective from paleontology. Systematic Biology 54, 166–173.
| Morphology’s role in phylogenetic reconstruction: perspective from paleontology.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Snow N (1996) The phylogenetic utility of lemmatal micromorphology in Leptochloa s.l. and related genera in subtribe Eleusininae (Poaceae, Chloridoideae, Eragrostideae). Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 83, 504–529.
| The phylogenetic utility of lemmatal micromorphology in Leptochloa s.l. and related genera in subtribe Eleusininae (Poaceae, Chloridoideae, Eragrostideae).Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Snow N (1998) Caryopsis morphology of Leptochloa sensu lato (Poaceae, Chloridoideae). Sida 18, 271–282.
Somerfield PJ (2008) Identification of the Bray-Curtis similarity index: comment on Yoshioka (2008). Marine Ecology Progress Series 372, 303–306.
| Identification of the Bray-Curtis similarity index: comment on Yoshioka (2008).Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Soreng RJ, Peterson PM, Romaschenko K, Davidse G, Zuloaga FO, Judziewicz EJ, Filgueiras TS, Davis JI, Morrone O (2015) A worldwide phylogenetic classification of the Poaceae (Gramineae). Journal of Systematics and Evolution 53, 117–137.
| A worldwide phylogenetic classification of the Poaceae (Gramineae).Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Soreng RJ, Peterson PM, Romaschenko K, Davidse G, Teisher JK, Clark LG, Barbera P, Gillespie LJ, Zuloaga FO (2017) A worldwide phylogenetic classification of the Poaceae (Gramineae) II: and update and a comparison of the two 2015 classifications. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 55, 259–290.
| A worldwide phylogenetic classification of the Poaceae (Gramineae) II: and update and a comparison of the two 2015 classifications.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Stevens PF (1991) Character states, morphological variation, and phylogenetic analysis: a review. Systematic Botany 16, 553–583.
| Character states, morphological variation, and phylogenetic analysis: a review.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
‘t Mannetje L (1967) A comparison of eight numerical procedures applied to the classification of some African Trifolium taxa based on Rhizobium affinities. Australian Journal of Botany 15, 521–528.
| A comparison of eight numerical procedures applied to the classification of some African Trifolium taxa based on Rhizobium affinities.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Thiele K (1993) The holy grail of the perfect character: the cladistic treatment of morphometric data. Cladistics 9, 275–304.
| The holy grail of the perfect character: the cladistic treatment of morphometric data.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 34929957PubMed |
Thiele HL, Clifford HT, Rogers RW (1996) Diversity in the grass pistil and its taxonomic significance. Australian Systematic Botany 9, 903–912.
| Diversity in the grass pistil and its taxonomic significance.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Thompson EJ (2017) Elionurus purpureus (Panicoideae: Andropogoneae: Rottboelliinae), a new species for Queensland: circumscription and breeding system. Austrobaileya 10, 139–162.
Thompson EJ (2021) A review of the classification and taxonomic and geographic distribution of cleistogamy in Australian grasses. Australian Journal of Botany
| A review of the classification and taxonomic and geographic distribution of cleistogamy in Australian grasses.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | In press
Thompson EJ, Fabillo M (2021) The impact of multiple molecular and morphological data sets on the phylogenetic reconstruction of subtribe Neurachninae (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae). Australian Systematic Botany 34, 227–251.
| The impact of multiple molecular and morphological data sets on the phylogenetic reconstruction of subtribe Neurachninae (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae).Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Tothill JC, Hacker JB (1983) ‘The Grasses of Southern Queensland.’ (University of Queensland Press: Brisbane, Qld, Australia)
Twiss PC, Suess E, Smith RM (1969) Morphological classification of grass phytoliths. Soil Science Society of America Journal 31, 109–115.
| Morphological classification of grass phytoliths.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Valdes-Reyna J, Hatch SL (1991) Lemma micromorphology in the Eragostoideae (Poaceae). Sida 14, 531–549.
Vickery JW (1961a) Contributions to the taxonomy of Australian grasses. Contributions from the New South Wales National Herbarium 3, 83–84.
Vickery JW (1961b) 19. Gramineae. Contributions from the New South Wales National Herbarium, Flora Series 19, 1–124.
Wagner GP (1989) The origin of morphological characters and the biological basis of homology. Evolution 43, 1157–1171.
| The origin of morphological characters and the biological basis of homology.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 28564509PubMed |
Watson L, Dallwitz MJ (1992) ‘The Grass Genera of the World.’ (University Press: Cambridge, UK)
Webster RD (1987) ‘The Australian Paniceae (Poaceae).’ (J Cramer: Berlin, Germany)
Wiens JJ (2004) The role of morphological data in phylogenetic reconstruction. Systematic Biology 53, 653–661.
| The role of morphological data in phylogenetic reconstruction.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Wills KE, Whalley RDB, Bruhl JJ (2000) Systematic studies in Paniceae (Poaceae): Homopholis and Whalleya gen. et sp. nov. Australian Systematic Botany 13, 437–468.
| Systematic studies in Paniceae (Poaceae): Homopholis and Whalleya gen. et sp. nov.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Wood BA (2010) Systematics, taxonomy, and phylogenetics: ordering life, past and present. Chapter 3. In ‘A Companion to Biological Anthropology’. (Ed. CS Larsen) pp. 56–73. (Wiley-Blackwell: Chichester, UK)
Wortley AH, Rudall PJ, Harris DJ, Scotland RW (2005) How much data are needed to resolve a difficult phylogeny? Case study in Lamiales. Systematic Biology 54, 697–709.
| How much data are needed to resolve a difficult phylogeny? Case study in Lamiales.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 16195214PubMed |
Zuloaga FO (1986) Systematics of the New World species of Panicum (Poacaeae: Psaniceae). In ‘Grass Systematics and Evolution’. (Eds TR Soderstom, KW Hilu, CS Campbell, ME Barkworth) pp. 277–286. (Smithsonian Institute Press: Washington, DC, USA)
Zuloaga FO, Morrone O, Giussani LM (2000) A cladistic analysis of the Paniceae: a preliminary approach. In ‘Grasses: Systematics and Evolution’. (Eds SWL Jacobs, JE Everett) pp. 123–135. (CSIRO Publishing: Melbourne, Vic., Australia)
Zuloaga FO, Salomon L, Scataglini MA (2014) Phylogeny of sections Clavelligerae and Pectinatae of Panicum (Poaceae, Panicoideae, Paniceae): Establishment of the new subtribe Dichantheliinae and the genus Adenochloa. Plant Systematics and Evolution 301, 1693–1711.
| Phylogeny of sections Clavelligerae and Pectinatae of Panicum (Poaceae, Panicoideae, Paniceae): Establishment of the new subtribe Dichantheliinae and the genus Adenochloa.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Zuloaga FO, Salariato DL, Scataglini MA (2018) Molecular phylogeny of Panicum s. str. (Poaceae, Panicoideae, Paniceae) and insights into its biogeography and evolution. Plos One 13, 1–39.
| Molecular phylogeny of Panicum s. str. (Poaceae, Panicoideae, Paniceae) and insights into its biogeography and evolution.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
