Anatomy of the adventitious roots of Philodendron (Araceae) and its importance for the systematics of the genus
Rafaela de Oliveira Ferreira A , Ana Cristina Campos Borges A , Juan Augusto Rodrigues dos Campos A , Artur Manoel Leito Medeiros B , Cassia Mônica Sakuragui C , Ricardo Cardoso Vieira D and Vitor Tenorio
A E
A Universidade Iguaçu, Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, 26260-045, Avenida Abílio Augusto Távora, 2134, Campus I, Nova Iguaçu, RJ, Brazil.
B Museu Nacional-UFRJ, Laboratório de Morfologia Vegetal, CCS, UFRJ, Avenida Brigadeiro Trompowsky, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, 21941590, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
C Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Botânica, Avenida Brigadeiro Trompowsky, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, 21941590, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
D Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Botânica, Laboratório de Morfologia Vegetal, Avenida Brigadeiro Trompowsky, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, 21941590, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
E Corresponding author. Email: tenoriorosa@uol.com.br
Australian Systematic Botany 33(2) 207-219 https://doi.org/10.1071/SB18038
Submitted: 14 June 2018 Accepted: 8 August 2019 Published: 5 February 2020
Abstract
The genus Philodendron Schott comprises the following three currently accepted subgenenera: P. subg. Philodendron, P. subg. Pteromischum and P. subg. Meconostigma; however, these lack a well-defined classification. In the present study, we examined anatomically samples of adventitious roots in species of the group, so as to establish aspects relevant for taxonomic purposes. The anatomical analyses emphasised the characteristics of the steles in cross-sections of the root samples from regions near the apex to the most mature zones. A species of a closely related genus Adelonema, namely A. crinipes, was included in the study to clarify the results. Our results indicated notable differences in the species of the subgenus Meconostigma, mainly in terms of the presence (and variations) of a lobed stele, whereas the cylindrical stele stood out among the common characteristics in P. subg. Philodendron, P. subg. Pteromischum and the related species A. crinipes. Moreover, the characteristics shared by P. subg. Philodendron and P. subg. Pteromischum corroborated the phylogenetic hypothesis that these two taxa were more closely related to one another than to P. subg. Meconostigma.
Additional keywords: lobed stele, Meconostigma, root anatomy, taxonomy.
References
Alonso AA, Moraes-Dallaqua MA, de Menezes NL (2004) Endoderme com atividade meristemática em raiz de Canna edulis Kerr-Gawler (Cannaceae). Acta Botanica Brasílica 18, 693–699.| Endoderme com atividade meristemática em raiz de Canna edulis Kerr-Gawler (Cannaceae).Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Bukatsch F (1972) Bemerkungen zur Doppelfärbung Astrablau-safranin. Mikrokosmos 61, 225–255.
Burger LM, Richter HG (1991) ‘Anatomia da Madeira.’ (Nobel: Sao Paulo, Brazil)
Canal D, Köster N, Jones KE, Korotkova N, Croat TB, Borsch T (2018) Phylogeny and diversification history of the larg Neotropical genus Philodendron (Araceae): accelerated speciation in a lineage dominated by epiphytes. American Journal of Botany 105, 1035
| Phylogeny and diversification history of the larg Neotropical genus Philodendron (Araceae): accelerated speciation in a lineage dominated by epiphytes.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 29995336PubMed |
Enstone DE, Peterson CA, Ma F (2002) Root endodermis and exodermis: structure, function, and responses to the environment. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation 21, 335–351.
| Root endodermis and exodermis: structure, function, and responses to the environment.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Esau K (1974) ‘Anatomia das plantas com sementes. Tradução: Berta Langes de Morretes.’ (Blucher: São Paulo, Brazil)
French JC (1987a) Systematic occurrence of a sclerotic hypodermis in roots of Araceae. American Journal of Botany 74, 891–903.
| Systematic occurrence of a sclerotic hypodermis in roots of Araceae.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
French JC (1987b) Systematic survey of resin canals in roots of Araceae. Botanical Gazette 148, 360–371.
| Systematic survey of resin canals in roots of Araceae.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Gauthier MPL, Barabe D, Bruneau A (2008) Molecular phylogeny of the genus Philodendron (Araceae): delimitation and infrageneric classification. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 156, 13–27.
| Molecular phylogeny of the genus Philodendron (Araceae): delimitation and infrageneric classification.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Govaerts R, Frodin D (2002) ‘World Checklist and Bibliography of Araceae (and Acoraceae).’ (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew: London, UK)
Johansen DA (1940) ‘Plant Microtechnique.’ (McGraw-Hill: New York, NY, USA)
Krause K (1913) Araceae–Philodendroidae–Philodendreae–Philodendrinae. In ‘Das Pflanzenreich Heft 60 (IV.23Db)’. (Ed. A Engler) pp. 1–143. (Engelmann: Leipzig, Germany)
Loss-Oliveira L, Calazans LB, Morais EB, Mayo SJ, Schrago CG, Sakuragui CM (2016) Evolution of Philodendron (Araceae) species in Neotropical biomes. PeerJ 4, e1744
| Evolution of Philodendron (Araceae) species in Neotropical biomes.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 27042390PubMed |
Mayo SJ (1988) Aspectos da evolução e da geografia do gênero Philodendron Schott (Araceae). Acta Botanica Brasílica 1, 28–40.
Mayo SJ (1989) Observations of gynoecial structure in Philodendron (Araceae). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 100, 139–172.
| Observations of gynoecial structure in Philodendron (Araceae).Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Mayo SJ (1991) A revision of Philodendron subgenus Meconostigma (Araceae). Kew Bulletin 46, 601–681.
| A revision of Philodendron subgenus Meconostigma (Araceae).Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Mayo SJ, Bogner J, Boyce PC (1997) ‘The Genera of Araceae.’ (Royal Botanical Gardens, Kew: London, UK)
Peterson CA, Enstone DE (1996) Functions of passage cells in the endodermis and exodermis of roots. Physiologia Plantarum 97, 592–598.
| Functions of passage cells in the endodermis and exodermis of roots.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Ruzin SE (1999) ‘Plant Microtechnique.’ (Oxford University Press: New York, NY, USA)
Tenorio V, Sakuragui CM, Vieira RC (2012) Stem anatomy of Philodendron Schott (Araceae) and its contribution to the systematics of the genus. Plant Systematics and Evolution 298, 1337–1347.
| Stem anatomy of Philodendron Schott (Araceae) and its contribution to the systematics of the genus.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Tenorio V, Sakuragui CM, Vieira RC (2014) Structures and functions of adventitious roots in species of the genus Philodendron Schott (Araceae). Flora 209, 547–555.
| Structures and functions of adventitious roots in species of the genus Philodendron Schott (Araceae).Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Yeng WS, Meerow AW, Croat TB (2016) Resurrection and new species of the Neotropical genus Adelonema (Araceae: Philodendron Clade). Systematic Botany 41, 32–48.
| Resurrection and new species of the Neotropical genus Adelonema (Araceae: Philodendron Clade).Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Zotz G (2013) ‘Hemiepiphyte’: a confusing term and its history. Annals of Botany 111, 1015–1020.
| ‘Hemiepiphyte’: a confusing term and its history.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 23589630PubMed |
