Death cap mushrooms from southern Australia: additions to Amanita (Amanitaceae, Agaricales) section Phalloideae Clade IX
E. M. Davison A B H , D. Giustiniano C , F. Busetti D E , G. M. Gates F and K. Syme G
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Department of Environment and Agriculture, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia.
B Western Australian Herbarium, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Locked Bag 104, Bentley Delivery Centre, WA 6983, Australia.
C CHIRI Biosciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia.
D Curtin Water Quality Research Centre, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia.
E Present address: School of Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia.
F School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 54, Hobart, Tas. 7001, Australia.
G 1874, South Coast Highway, Shadforth, WA 6333, Australia.
H Corresponding author. Email: e.davison@curtin.edu.au
Australian Systematic Botany 30(4) 371-389 https://doi.org/10.1071/SB17032
Submitted: 30 May 2017 Accepted: 15 September 2017 Published: 21 December 2017
Abstract
The following three similar Amanita spp. are described: Amanita djarilmari E.M.Davison, A. gardneri E.M.Davison from the south-west of Western Australia and A. millsii E.M.Davison & G.M.Gates (=A. sp. 10 ZLY-2014 HKAS 77322 in KUN) from Tasmania. All have a white- or pale-coloured pileus and white universal veil, but differ in the shape of the bulb, spore shape, and structure of the universal veil. All are from subgenus Lepidella section Phalloideae. Phylogenetic analysis showed that these species cannot be separated on the basis of data derived from nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed-spacer sequences. They can be separated in a multi-locus phylogeny of the 28S nuclear ribosomal large-subunit rRNA region, RNA polymerase-II region, β-tubulin region and translation elongation-factor 1-α region. Amanita djarilmari, A. gardneri, A. millsii and two other previously described species in section Phalloideae from southern Australia (A. eucalypti and A. marmorata) cluster in Clade IX. These, together with other species in this clade, segregate into two lineages, namely, Clade IX A, with a white or pale pileus, and Clade IX B, with a brown pileus. Solvent extraction, followed by liquid-chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry of A. djarilmari, A. eucalypti, A. gardneri and A. marmorata basidiomes did not detect the highly toxic amatoxins α-amanitin and β-amanitin, but did detect the phallotoxins phallacidin and phalloidin.
Additional keywords: Basidiomycota, LC-MS/MS, multi-gene phylogenetics, taxonomy, toxins.
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