Register      Login
Australian Systematic Botany Australian Systematic Botany Society
Taxonomy, biogeography and evolution of plants
COMMENT AND RESPONSE (Open Access)

Jurassic primates, immobile ducks and other oddities: a reply to Heads’ review of The Monkey’s Voyage

Alan de Queiroz
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations

Department of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557-0314, USA. Email: dequeiroza@gmail.com

Australian Systematic Botany 29(6) 403-423 https://doi.org/10.1071/SB16021
Submitted: 18 May 2016  Accepted: 15 December 2016   Published: 11 May 2017

Journal Compilation © CSIRO Publishing 2016 Open Access CC BY-NC-ND

Abstract

In The Monkey’s Voyage, I focused on the issue of disjunct distributions, and, in particular, on the burgeoning support from molecular-dating studies for long-distance dispersal over vicariance as the most reasonable explanation for many (but by no means all) distributions broken up by oceans. Michael Heads’ assessment of the book is founded on his long-standing belief, following Croizat, that long-distance dispersal is an insignificant process and, therefore, that disjunctions are virtually always attributable to vicariance. In holding to these notions, Heads offered a series of unsound arguments. In particular, to preserve an ‘all-vicariance’ perspective, he presented a distorted view of the nature of long-distance dispersal, misrepresented current applications of fossil calibrations in molecular-dating studies, ignored methodological biases in such studies that often favour vicariance hypotheses, repeatedly invoked irrelevant geological reconstructions, and, most strikingly, showed a cavalier approach to evolutionary timelines by pushing the origins of many groups back to unreasonably ancient ages. The result was a succession of implausible histories for particular taxa and areas, including the notions that the Hawaiian biota is almost entirely derived from ancient (often Mesozoic) central Pacific metapopulations, that the disjunctions of extremely mobile organisms such as ducks rarely, if ever, result from long-distance dispersal, and that primates were widespread 120 million years before their first appearance in the fossil record. In contrast to Heads’ perspective, a central message of The Monkey’s Voyage is that explanations for disjunct distributions should be evaluated on the basis of diverse kinds of evidence, without strong a priori assumptions about the relative likelihoods of long-distance dispersal and vicariance.


References

Ali JR, Huber M (2010) Mammalian biodiversity on Madagascar controlled by ocean currents. Nature 463, 653–656.
Mammalian biodiversity on Madagascar controlled by ocean currents.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXnsFehtg%3D%3D&md5=3433ddfd4606cce6d1394ffb8eb94cd5CAS |

Allwood J, Gleeson D, Mayer G, Daniels S, Beggs JR, Buckley TR (2010) Support for vicariant origins of the New Zealand Onychophora. Journal of Biogeography 37, 669–681.
Support for vicariant origins of the New Zealand Onychophora.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Aoyama Y, Kawakami K, Chiba S (2012) Seabirds as adhesive seed dispersers of alien and native plants in the oceanic Ogasawara Islands, Japan. Biodiversity and Conservation 21, 2787–2801.
Seabirds as adhesive seed dispersers of alien and native plants in the oceanic Ogasawara Islands, Japan.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Austin JJ, Arnold EN, Jones CG (2004) Reconstructing an island radiation using ancient and recent DNA: the extinct and living day geckos (Phelsuma) of the Mascarene islands. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 31, 109–122.
Reconstructing an island radiation using ancient and recent DNA: the extinct and living day geckos (Phelsuma) of the Mascarene islands.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXhvFSks70%3D&md5=75b47c6657e6f6ae4f8bb1b6bfebff56CAS |

Beaulieu JM, O’Meara BC, Crane P, Donoghue MJ (2015) Heterogeneous rates of molecular evolution and diversification could explain the Triassic age estimate for angiosperms. Systematic Biology 64, 869–878.
Heterogeneous rates of molecular evolution and diversification could explain the Triassic age estimate for angiosperms.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Bell CD, Soltis DE, Soltis PS (2010) The age and diversification of the angiosperms re-revisited. American Journal of Botany 97, 1296–1303.
The age and diversification of the angiosperms re-revisited.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Bell RC, Drewes RC, Channing A, Gvoždík V, Kielgast J, Lötters S, Stuart BL, Zamudio KR (2015) Overseas dispersal of Hyperolius reed frogs from Central Africa to the oceanic islands of São Tomé and Príncipe. Journal of Biogeography 42, 65–75.
Overseas dispersal of Hyperolius reed frogs from Central Africa to the oceanic islands of São Tomé and Príncipe.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Bellamy DJ, Springett B, Hayden P (1990) ‘Moa’s Ark: the Voyage of New Zealand.’ (Viking: New York, NY, USA)

Bennett GM, O’Grady PM (2013) Historical biogeography and ecological opportunity in the adaptive radiation of native Hawaiian leafhoppers (Cicadellidae: Nesophrosyne). Journal of Biogeography 40, 1512–1523.
Historical biogeography and ecological opportunity in the adaptive radiation of native Hawaiian leafhoppers (Cicadellidae: Nesophrosyne).Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Benton MJ, Wills MA, Hitchin R (2000) Quality of the fossil record through time. Nature 403, 534–537.
Quality of the fossil record through time.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXht1Shurs%3D&md5=78cae91d6d79736ddf78788895a866d4CAS |

Benton MJ, Donoghue PCJ, Asher RJ, Friedman M, Near TJ, Vinther J (2015) Constraints on the timescale of animal evolutionary history. Palaeontologia Electronica 18, 1FC

Berg RY (1983) Plant distribution as seen from plant dispersal: general principles and basic modes of plant dispersal. In ‘Dispersal and Distribution’. (Ed. K Kubitzki) pp. 13–36. (Paul Parey: Hamburg, Germany)

Biffin E, Hill RS, Lowe AJ (2010) Did kauri (Agathis: Araucariaceae) really survive the Oligocene drowning of New Zealand? Systematic Biology 59, 594–602.
Did kauri (Agathis: Araucariaceae) really survive the Oligocene drowning of New Zealand?Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Bond M, Tejedor MF, Campbell KE, Chornogubsky L, Novo N, Goin F (2015) Eocene primates of South America and the African origins of New World monkeys. Nature 520, 538–541.
Eocene primates of South America and the African origins of New World monkeys.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Bossuyt F, Brown RM, Hillis DM, Cannatella DC, Milinkovitch MC (2006) Phylogeny and biogeography of a cosmopolitan frog radiation: Late Cretaceous diversification resulted in continent-scale endemism in the family Ranidae. Systematic Biology 55, 579–594.
Phylogeny and biogeography of a cosmopolitan frog radiation: Late Cretaceous diversification resulted in continent-scale endemism in the family Ranidae.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Bradler S, Cliquennois N, Buckley TR (2015) Single origin of the Mascarene stick insects: ancient radiation on sunken islands? BMC Evolutionary Biology 15, 196
Single origin of the Mascarene stick insects: ancient radiation on sunken islands?Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Briggs JC (2004) The ultimate expanding earth hypothesis. Journal of Biogeography 31, 855–857.
The ultimate expanding earth hypothesis.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Briggs JC (2007) Panbiogeography: its origin, metamorphosis and decline. Russian Journal of Marine Biology 33, 273–277.
Panbiogeography: its origin, metamorphosis and decline.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Brown JH, Gibson AC (1983) ‘Biogeography’, 2nd edn. (C. V. Mosby: St Louis, MO, USA)

Brown RM, Siler CD, Richards SJ, Diesmos AC, Cannatella DC (2015) Multilocus phylogeny and a new classification for Southeast Asian and Melanesian forest frogs (family Ceratobatrachidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 174, 130–168.
Multilocus phylogeny and a new classification for Southeast Asian and Melanesian forest frogs (family Ceratobatrachidae).Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Brundin L (1966) Transantarctic relationships and their significance as evidenced by chironomid midges with a monograph of the subfamilies Podonominae and Aphroteniinae and the austral Heptagyiae. Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar, Series 4 11, 1–472.

Burkhardt F, Smith S, Eds. (1989) ‘The Correspondence of Charles Darwin. Vol. 5.’ (Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, UK)

Butlin R, Debelle A, Kerth C, Snook RR, Beukeboom LW, Cajas RFC, Diao W, Maan ME, Paolucci S, Weissing FJ, van de Zande L, Hoikkala A, Geuverink E, Jennings J, Kankare M, Knott KE, Tyukmaeva VI, Zoumadakis C, Ritchie MG, Barker D, Immonen E, Kirkpatrick M, Noor M, Garcia CM, Schmitt T, Schilthuizen M (2012) What do we need to know about speciation? Trends in Ecology & Evolution 27, 27–39.
What do we need to know about speciation?Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Campbell HJ, Hutching GD (2007) ‘In Search of Ancient New Zealand.’ (Penguin: Auckland, New Zealand)

Carlquist S (1974) ‘Island Biology.’ (Columbia University Press: New York, NY, USA)

Carranza S, Arnold EN (2003) Investigating the origin of transoceanic distributions: mtDNA shows Mabuya lizards (Reptilia, Scincidae) crossed the Atlantic twice. Systematics and Biodiversity 1, 275–282.
Investigating the origin of transoceanic distributions: mtDNA shows Mabuya lizards (Reptilia, Scincidae) crossed the Atlantic twice.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Cavalcanti MJ, Gallo V (2008) Panbiogeographical analysis of distribution patterns in hagfishes (Craniata: Myxinidae). Journal of Biogeography 35, 1258–1268.
Panbiogeographical analysis of distribution patterns in hagfishes (Craniata: Myxinidae).Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Censky EJ, Hodge K, Dudley J (1998) Over-water dispersal of lizards due to hurricanes. Nature 395, 556
Over-water dispersal of lizards due to hurricanes.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXms1alu7c%3D&md5=1d816a41e15671d5143fb123d732e31dCAS |

Chambers GK, Boon WM, Buckley TR, Hitchmough RA (2001) Using molecular methods to understand the Gondwanan affinities of the New Zealand biota: three case studies. Australian Journal of Botany 49, 377–387.
Using molecular methods to understand the Gondwanan affinities of the New Zealand biota: three case studies.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Claramunt S, Cracraft J (2015) A new time tree reveals Earth history’s imprint on the evolution of modern birds. Science Advances 1, e1501005
A new time tree reveals Earth history’s imprint on the evolution of modern birds.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Clarke JT, Warnock RCM, Donoghue PCJ (2011) Establishing a time-scale for plant evolution. New Phytologist 192, 266–301.
Establishing a time-scale for plant evolution.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Cooper RA, Millener PR (1993) The New Zealand biota: historical background and new research. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 8, 429–433.
The New Zealand biota: historical background and new research.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:STN:280:DC%2BC3M7itV2msw%3D%3D&md5=e4060f11680257b33ee3f2f5c55e52e5CAS |

Costa WJEM (2013) Historical biogeography of aplocheiloid killifishes (Teleostei: Cyprinidontiformes). Vertebrate Zoology 63, 139–154.

Cowie RH, Holland BS (2008) Molecular biogeography and diversification of the endemic terrestrial fauna of the Hawaiian Islands. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London – B. Biological Sciences 363, 3363–3376.
Molecular biogeography and diversification of the endemic terrestrial fauna of the Hawaiian Islands.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Cox CB (1998) From generalized tracks to ocean basins: how useful is Panbiogeography? Journal of Biogeography 25, 813–828.
From generalized tracks to ocean basins: how useful is Panbiogeography?Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Coyne JA (2009) ‘Why Evolution is True.’ (Viking: New York, NY, USA)

Coyne JA, Orr HA (2004) ‘Speciation.’ (Sinauer: Sunderland, MA, USA)

Cracraft J (1974) Continental drift and vertebrate distribution. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 5, 215–261.
Continental drift and vertebrate distribution.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Craw RC (1979) Generalized tracks and dispersal in biogeography: a response to R. M. McDowall. Systematic Zoology 28, 99–107.
Generalized tracks and dispersal in biogeography: a response to R. M. McDowall.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Crisp MD, Trewick SA, Cook LG (2011) Hypothesis testing in biogeography. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 26, 66–72.
Hypothesis testing in biogeography.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Croizat L (1958) ‘Panbiogeography or an Introductory Synthesis of Zoogeography, Phytogeography, and Geology. Vol. I. The New World.’ (Published by the author: Caracas, Venezuela)

Croizat L (1962) ‘Space, Time, Form: the Biological Synthesis.’ (Published by the author: Caracas, Venezuela)

Daniels SR (2011) Reconstructing the colonisation and diversification history of the endemic freshwater crab (Seychellum alluaudi) in the granitic and volcanic Seychelles Archipelago. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 61, 534–542.
Reconstructing the colonisation and diversification history of the endemic freshwater crab (Seychellum alluaudi) in the granitic and volcanic Seychelles Archipelago.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Darwin C (1859) ‘On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection.’ (John Murray: London, UK)

Daugherty CH, Gibbs GW, Hitchmough RA (1993) Mega-island or micro-continent? New Zealand and its fauna. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 8, 437–442.
Mega-island or micro-continent? New Zealand and its fauna.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:STN:280:DC%2BC3M7itV2msQ%3D%3D&md5=9654634a0a41417baf1c32754c3f01dbCAS |

Davy B, Hoernle K, Werner R (2008) Hikurangi plateau: crustal structure, rifted formation, and Gondwana subduction history. Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 9, Q07004
Hikurangi plateau: crustal structure, rifted formation, and Gondwana subduction history.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

de Lange PJ, Heenan PB, Rolfe JR (2011) Checklist of vascular plants recorded from Chatham Islands. Report prepared for the Department of Conservation, Wellington Hawke’s Bay Conservancy. New Zealand Department of Conservation, Wellington, New Zealand.

de Queiroz A (2005) The resurrection of oceanic dispersal in historical biogeography. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 20, 68–73.
The resurrection of oceanic dispersal in historical biogeography.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

de Queiroz A (2014) ‘The Monkey’s Voyage: How Improbable Journeys Shaped the History of Life.’ (Basic Books: New York, NY, USA)

de Queiroz A, Lawson R (2008) A peninsula as an island: multiple forms of evidence for overwater colonization of Baja California by the gartersnake Thamnophis validus. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London 95, 409–424.
A peninsula as an island: multiple forms of evidence for overwater colonization of Baja California by the gartersnake Thamnophis validus.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Didham RK (2005) New Zealand: ‘fly-paper’ of the Pacific? The Weta 29, 1–5.

Donoghue MJ, Moore BR (2003) Toward an integrative historical biogeography. Integrative and Comparative Biology 43, 261–270.
Toward an integrative historical biogeography.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

dos Reis M, Inoue J, Hasegawa M, Asher RJ, Donoghue PCJ, Yang Z (2012) Phylogenomic datasets provide both precision and accuracy in estimating the timescale of placental mammal phylogeny. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London – B. Biological Sciences 279, 3491–3500.
Phylogenomic datasets provide both precision and accuracy in estimating the timescale of placental mammal phylogeny.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Driller C, Merker S, Perwitasari-Farajallah D, Sinaga W, Anggraeni N, Zischler H (2015) Stop and go: waves of tarsier dispersal mirror the genesis of Sulawesi Island. PLoS One 10, e0141212
Stop and go: waves of tarsier dispersal mirror the genesis of Sulawesi Island.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Emberson RM (1998) The beetle (Coleoptera) fauna of the Chatham Islands. New Zealand Entomologist 21, 25–64.
The beetle (Coleoptera) fauna of the Chatham Islands.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Enting B, Molloy L (1982) ‘The Ancient Islands: New Zealand’s Natural Environments.’ (Port Nicholson Press: Wellington, New Zealand)

Ericson PGP, Christidis L, Cooper A, Irestedt M, Jackson J, Johansson US, Norman JA (2002) A Gondwanan origin of passerine birds supported by DNA sequences of the endemic New Zealand wrens. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London – B. Biological Sciences 269, 235–241.
A Gondwanan origin of passerine birds supported by DNA sequences of the endemic New Zealand wrens.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XjvFCiurk%3D&md5=406620c441174260c025450253f44078CAS |

Finstermeier K, Zinner D, Brameier M, Meyer M, Kreuz E, Hofreiter M, Roos C (2013) A mitogenomic phylogeny of living primates. PLoS One 8, e69504
A mitogenomic phylogeny of living primates.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3sXht1Wms7vN&md5=9359875bbfc28be4d7346333b9d71077CAS |

Flannery T (1994) ‘The Future Eaters: an Ecological History of the Australasian Lands and People.’ (Reed New Holland: Sydney, NSW, Australia)

Fleming CA (1975) The geological history of New Zealand and its biota. In ‘Biogeography and Ecology in New Zealand’. (Ed. G Kuschel) pp. 1–86. (Junk: The Hague, Netherlands)

Friis EM, Pedersen KR, Crane PR (2010) Diversity in obscurity: fossil flowers and the early history of angiosperms. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London – B. Biological Sciences 365, 369–382.
Diversity in obscurity: fossil flowers and the early history of angiosperms.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Frolov A (2013) Stenosternus Karsch, a possible link between Neotropical and Afrotropical Orphninae (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae). ZooKeys 335, 33–46.
Stenosternus Karsch, a possible link between Neotropical and Afrotropical Orphninae (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae).Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Gamble T, Bauer AM, Colli GR, Greenbaum E, Jackman TR, Vitt LJ, Simons AM (2011) Coming to America: multiple origins of New World geckos. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 24, 231–244.
Coming to America: multiple origins of New World geckos.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:STN:280:DC%2BC3M7lt1egsA%3D%3D&md5=6b8079821a5bcdf372645590a0bd9ab3CAS |

Garb JE, Gillespie RG (2009) Diversity despite dispersal: colonization history and phylogeography of Hawaiian crab spiders inferred from multilocus genetic data. Molecular Ecology 18, 1746–1764.
Diversity despite dispersal: colonization history and phylogeography of Hawaiian crab spiders inferred from multilocus genetic data.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXlsFOntro%3D&md5=aaaf41b642bc6e17403c245946ebfb62CAS |

Gardner JV, Calder BR, Malik M (2013) Geomorphometry and processes that built Necker Ridge, central North Pacific Ocean. Marine Geology 346, 310–325.
Geomorphometry and processes that built Necker Ridge, central North Pacific Ocean.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Garzón-Orduña IJ, Silva-Brandão KL, Willmott KR, Freitas AVL, Brower AVZ (2015) Incompatible ages for clearwing butterflies based on alternative secondary calibrations. Systematic Biology 64, 752–767.
Incompatible ages for clearwing butterflies based on alternative secondary calibrations.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Gibbs G (2006) ‘Ghosts of Gondwana: the History of Life in New Zealand.’ (Craig Potton Publishing: Nelson, New Zealand)

Gillespie RG, Baldwin BG, Waters JM, Fraser CI, Nikula R, Roderick GK (2012) Long-distance dispersal: a framework for hypothesis testing. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 27, 47–56.
Long-distance dispersal: a framework for hypothesis testing.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Giribet G, Boyer SL (2010) ‘Moa’s ark’ or ‘goodbye Gondwana’: is the origin of New Zealand’s terrestrial invertebrate fauna ancient, recent or both? Invertebrate Systematics 24, 1–8.
‘Moa’s ark’ or ‘goodbye Gondwana’: is the origin of New Zealand’s terrestrial invertebrate fauna ancient, recent or both?Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Givnish TJ, Millam KC, Mast AR, Paterson TB, Theim TJ, Hipp AL, Henss JM, Smith JF, Wood KR, Sytsma KJ (2009) Origin, adaptive radiation and diversification of the Hawaiian lobeliads (Asterales: Campanulaceae). Proceedings of the Royal Society of London – B. Biological Sciences 276, 407–416.
Origin, adaptive radiation and diversification of the Hawaiian lobeliads (Asterales: Campanulaceae).Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Goldberg J, Trewick SA, Paterson AM (2008) Evolution of New Zealand’s terrestrial fauna: a review of molecular evidence. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London – B. Biological Sciences 363, 3319–3334.
Evolution of New Zealand’s terrestrial fauna: a review of molecular evidence.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Goldblatt P (Ed.) (1993) ‘Biological Relationships between Africa and South America.’ (Yale University Press: New Haven, CT, USA)

Goswami A, Upchurch P (2010) The dating game: a reply to Heads (2010). Zoologica Scripta 39, 406–409.
The dating game: a reply to Heads (2010).Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Grandcolas P, Murienne J, Robillard T, Desutter-Grandcolas L, Jourdan H, Guilbert E, Deharveng L (2008) New Caledonia: a very old Darwinian island? Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London – B. Biological Sciences 363, 3309–3317.
New Caledonia: a very old Darwinian island?Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Grehan JR (2006) A brief look at Pacific biogeography: the trans-oceanic travels of Microseris (Angiosperms: Asteraceae). In ‘Biogeography in a Changing World’. (Eds MC Ebach, RS Tangney) pp. 83–94. (CRC Press: New York, NY, USA)

Grehan JR, Schwartz JF (2009) Evolution of the second orangutan: phylogeny and biogeography of hominid origins. Journal of Biogeography 36, 1823–1844.
Evolution of the second orangutan: phylogeny and biogeography of hominid origins.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Guja LK, Merritt DJ, Dixon KW (2010) Buoyancy, salt tolerance and germination of coastal seeds: implications for oceanic hydrochorous dispersal. Functional Plant Biology 37, 1175–1186.
Buoyancy, salt tolerance and germination of coastal seeds: implications for oceanic hydrochorous dispersal.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Guo P, Liu Q, Xu Y, Jiang K, Hou M, Ding L, Pyron RA, Burbrink FT (2012) Out of Asia: natricine snakes support the Cenozoic Beringian dispersal hypothesis. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 63, 825–833.
Out of Asia: natricine snakes support the Cenozoic Beringian dispersal hypothesis.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Haines WP, Schmitz P, Rubinoff D (2014) Ancient diversification of Hyposmocoma moths in Hawaii. Nature Communications 5, 3502
Ancient diversification of Hyposmocoma moths in Hawaii.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Heads M (1985) Biogeographic analysis of Nothofagus (Fagaceae). Taxon 34, 474–480.
Biogeographic analysis of Nothofagus (Fagaceae).Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Heads M (2005) Dating nodes on molecular phylogenies: a critique of molecular biogeography. Cladistics 21, 62–78.
Dating nodes on molecular phylogenies: a critique of molecular biogeography.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Heads M (2009) Inferring biogeographic history from molecular phylogenies. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London 98, 757–774.
Inferring biogeographic history from molecular phylogenies.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Heads M (2010) Evolution and biogeography of primates: a new model based on plate tectonics, molecular phylogenetics and vicariance. Zoologica Scripta 39, 107–127.
Evolution and biogeography of primates: a new model based on plate tectonics, molecular phylogenetics and vicariance.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Heads M (2011) Old taxa on young islands: a critique of the use of island age to date island-endemic clades and calibrate phylogenies. Systematic Biology 60, 204–218.
Old taxa on young islands: a critique of the use of island age to date island-endemic clades and calibrate phylogenies.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Heads M (2012a) ‘Molecular Panbiogeography of the Tropics.’ (University of California Press: Berkeley, CA, USA)

Heads M (2012b) Bayesian transmogrification of clade divergence dates: a critique. Journal of Biogeography 39, 1749–1756.
Bayesian transmogrification of clade divergence dates: a critique.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Heads M (2012c) South Pacific biogeography, tectonic calibration, and pre-drift tectonics: cladogenesis in Abrotanella (Asteraceae). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London 107, 938–952.
South Pacific biogeography, tectonic calibration, and pre-drift tectonics: cladogenesis in Abrotanella (Asteraceae).Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Heads M (2014a) Biogeography by revelation: investigating a world shaped by miracles. Australian Systematic Botany 27, 282–304.
Biogeography by revelation: investigating a world shaped by miracles.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Heads M (2014b) ‘Biogeography of Australasia: a Molecular Analysis.’ (Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, UK)

Heads M (2014c) Panbiogeography, its critics, and the case of the ratite birds. Australian Systematic Botany 27, 241–256.
Panbiogeography, its critics, and the case of the ratite birds.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Heath TA, Huelsenbeck JP, Stadler T (2014) The fossilized birth-death process for coherent calibration of divergence-time estimates. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 111, E2957–E2966.
The fossilized birth-death process for coherent calibration of divergence-time estimates.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2cXhtFyqtbvL&md5=1c52f42bd9ce550f50dec9c64ee169e7CAS |

Hedges SB, Conn CE (2012) A new skink fauna from Caribbean islands (Squamata, Mabuyidae, Mabuyinae). Zootaxa 3288, 1–244.

Hedges SB, Marin J, Suleski M, Paymer M, Kumar S (2015) Tree of Life reveals clock-like speciation and diversification. Molecular Biology and Evolution 32, 835–845.
Tree of Life reveals clock-like speciation and diversification.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC28XhtlWnu7%2FM&md5=20093cf3b9eb9293f3971d0769f6f4bcCAS |

Heenan P, Mitchell A, de Lange P, Keeling J, Paterson A (2010) Late-Cenozoic origin and diversification of Chatham Islands endemic plant species revealed by analyses of DNA sequence data. New Zealand Journal of Botany 48, 83–136.
Late-Cenozoic origin and diversification of Chatham Islands endemic plant species revealed by analyses of DNA sequence data.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Holdaway RN, Worthy TH, Tennyson AJD (2001) A working list of breeding bird species of the New Zealand region at first human contact. New Zealand Journal of Zoology 28, 119–187.
A working list of breeding bird species of the New Zealand region at first human contact.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Holland BS, Cowie RH (2006) Dispersal and vicariance in Hawaii: submarine slumping does not create deep inter-island channels. Journal of Biogeography 33, 2155
Dispersal and vicariance in Hawaii: submarine slumping does not create deep inter-island channels.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Humphries CJ (1981) Biogeographical methods and the southern beeches (Fagaceae: Nothofagus). In ‘Advances in Cladistics’. (Eds VA Funk, DR Brooks) pp. 177–207. (The New York Botanical Garden: New York, NY, USA)

Jameson NM, Hou ZC, Sterner KN, Weckle A, Goodman M, Steiper ME, Wildman DE (2011) Genomic data reject the hypothesis of a prosimian primate clade. Journal of Human Evolution 61, 295–305.
Genomic data reject the hypothesis of a prosimian primate clade.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Jarvis ED, Mirarab S, Aberer AJ, Li B, Houde P, Li C, Ho SYW, Faircloth BC, Nabholz B, Howard JT, Suh A, Weber CC, Fonseca RRD, Li J, Zhang F, Li H, Zhou L, Narula N, Liu L, Ganapathy G, Boussau B, Bayzid MS, Zavidovych V, Subramanian S, Gabaldón T, Capella-Gutiérrez S, Huerta-Cepas J, Rekepalli B, Munch K, Schierup M, Lindow B, Warren WC, Ray D, Green RE, Bruford MW, Zhan X, Dixon A, Li S, Li N, Huang Y, Derryberry EP, Bertelsen MF, Sheldon FH, Brumfield RT, Mello CV, Lovell PV, Wirthlin M, Schneider MPC, Prosdocimi F, Samaniego JA, Velazquez AMV, Alfaro-Nuñez A, Campos PF, Petersen B, Sicheritz-Ponten T, Pas A, Bailey T, Scofield P, Bunce M, Lambert DM, Zhou Q, Perelman P, Driskell AC, Shapiro B, Xiong Z, Zeng Y, Liu S, Li Z, Liu B, Wu K, Xiao J, Yinqi X, Zheng Q, Zhang Y, Yang H, Wang J, Smeds L, Rheindt FE, Braun M, Fjeldsa J, Orlando L, Barker FK, Jønsson KA, Johnson W, Koepfli K-P, O’brien S, Haussler D, Ryder OA, Rahbek C, Willerslev E, Graves GR, Glenn TC, Mccormack J, Burt D, Ellegren H, Alström P, Edwards SV, Stamatakis A, Mindell DP, Cracraft J, Braun EL, Warnow T, Jun W, Gilbert MTP, Zhang G (2014) Whole-genome analyses resolve early branches in the tree of life of modern birds. Science 346, 1320–1331.
Whole-genome analyses resolve early branches in the tree of life of modern birds.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2cXitVCgs7%2FK&md5=f5fa74b92ac589eafcd283144a516e64CAS |

Jesus J, Harris DJ, Brehm A (2007) Relationships of Afroablepharus Greer, 1974 skinks from the Gulf of Guinea islands based on mitochondrial and nuclear DNA: patterns of colonization and comments on taxonomy. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 45, 904–914.
Relationships of Afroablepharus Greer, 1974 skinks from the Gulf of Guinea islands based on mitochondrial and nuclear DNA: patterns of colonization and comments on taxonomy.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXhtlajsr%2FJ&md5=86d3f30a2ee7a5a7795651ae83a81496CAS |

Jetz W, Thomas GH, Joy JB, Hartmann K, Mooers AO (2012) The global diversity of birds in space and time. Nature 491, 444–448.
The global diversity of birds in space and time.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38Xhs1ajtrjJ&md5=9bc8fc3ed22a23a2eba90c59b7a9025fCAS |

Johnson KP, Sorenson MD (1999) Phylogeny and biogeography of dabbling ducks (genus: Anas): a comparison of molecular and morphological evidence. The Auk 116, 792–805.
Phylogeny and biogeography of dabbling ducks (genus: Anas): a comparison of molecular and morphological evidence.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Jordan S, Simon C, Polhemus D (2003) Molecular systematics and adaptive radiation of Hawaii’s endemic damselfly genus Megalagrion (Odonata: Coenagrionidae). Systematic Biology 52, 89–109.
Molecular systematics and adaptive radiation of Hawaii’s endemic damselfly genus Megalagrion (Odonata: Coenagrionidae).Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Joyce WG, Parham JF, Lyson TR, Warnock RCM, Donoghue PCJ (2013) A divergence dating analysis of turtles using fossil calibrations: an example of best practices. Journal of Paleontology 87, 612–634.
A divergence dating analysis of turtles using fossil calibrations: an example of best practices.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Kalnins LM, Watts AB (2009) Spatial variations in effective elastic thickness in the western Pacific Ocean and their implications for Mesozoic volcanism. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 286, 89–100.
Spatial variations in effective elastic thickness in the western Pacific Ocean and their implications for Mesozoic volcanism.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXhtV2ntLzL&md5=dcadc8d6c1cb126c831c8b6e1cf5604dCAS |

Kim SS, Wessel P (2011) New global seamount census from altimetry-derived gravity data. Geophysical Journal International 186, 615–631.
New global seamount census from altimetry-derived gravity data.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Knapp M, Mudaliar R, Havell D, Wagstaff SJ, Lockhart PJ (2007) The drowning of New Zealand and the problem of Agathis. Systematic Biology 56, 862–870.
The drowning of New Zealand and the problem of Agathis.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Krosch MN, Baker AM, Mather PB, Cranston PS (2011) Systematics and biogeography of the Gondwanan Orthocladiinae (Diptera: Chironomidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 59, 458–468.
Systematics and biogeography of the Gondwanan Orthocladiinae (Diptera: Chironomidae).Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:STN:280:DC%2BC3Mvms1CltA%3D%3D&md5=31c9236caee825469137ff7709ba8e57CAS |

Ksepka DT, Phillips MJ (2015) Avian diversification patterns across the K–Pg boundary: influence of calibrations, datasets, and model misspecification. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 100, 300–328.
Avian diversification patterns across the K–Pg boundary: influence of calibrations, datasets, and model misspecification.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Ksepka DT, Parham JF, Allman JF, Benton MJ, Carrano MT, Cranston KA, Donoghue PCJ, Head JJ, Hermsen EJ, Irmis RB, Joyce WG, Kohli M, Lamm KD, Leehr D, Patané JL, Polly PD, Phillips MJ, Smith NA, Smith ND, van Tuinen M, Ware JL, Warnock RCM (2015) The Fossil Calibration Database: a new resource for divergence dating. Systematic Biology 64, 853–859.
The Fossil Calibration Database: a new resource for divergence dating.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Lee DE, Bannister JM, Lindqvist JK (2007) Late Oligocene–Early Miocene leaf macrofossils confirm a long history of Agathis in New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Botany 45, 565–578.
Late Oligocene–Early Miocene leaf macrofossils confirm a long history of Agathis in New Zealand.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXht1Grs7rE&md5=4335203cb9e58ec592dd4b9f4138a290CAS |

Lee MSY, Cau A, Naish D, Dyke GJ (2014) Morphological clocks in paleontology, and a Mid-Cretaceous origin of crown Aves. Systematic Biology 63, 442–449.
Morphological clocks in paleontology, and a Mid-Cretaceous origin of crown Aves.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Lima A, Harris DJ, Rocha S, Miralles A, Glaw F, Vences M (2013) Phylogenetic relationships of Trachylepis skink species from Madagascar and the Seychelles (Squamata: Scincidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 67, 615–620.
Phylogenetic relationships of Trachylepis skink species from Madagascar and the Seychelles (Squamata: Scincidae).Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Lohman DJ, Tsang SM (2014) A manifesto of panbiogeography, Australasian edition. Frontiers of Biogeography 6, 191–193.

Longrich NR, Vinther J, Pyron RA, Pisani D, Gauthier JA (2015) Biogeography of worm lizards (Amphisbaenia) driven by end-Cretaceous mass extinction. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London – B. Biological Sciences 282, 20143034
Biogeography of worm lizards (Amphisbaenia) driven by end-Cretaceous mass extinction.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Magallón S (2014) A review of the effect of relaxed clock method, long branches, genes, and calibrations in the estimation of angiosperm age. Botanical Sciences 92, 1–22.
A review of the effect of relaxed clock method, long branches, genes, and calibrations in the estimation of angiosperm age.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Marjanović D, Laurin M (2007) Fossils, molecules, divergence times, and the origin of lissamphibians. Systematic Biology 56, 369–388.
Fossils, molecules, divergence times, and the origin of lissamphibians.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Matute DR (2013) The role of founder effects on the evolution of reproductive isolation. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 26, 2299–2311.
The role of founder effects on the evolution of reproductive isolation.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:STN:280:DC%2BC2c%2Fktlehtg%3D%3D&md5=5980a158cdc3016d3fd7b2f4c3654b8aCAS |

Matzke NJ (2014) Model selection in historical biogeography reveals that founder-event speciation is a crucial process in island clades. Systematic Biology 63, 951–970.
Model selection in historical biogeography reveals that founder-event speciation is a crucial process in island clades.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Matzke NJ (2015) Review of ‘Biogeography of Australasia: a molecular analysis’ by Michael Heads. The Quarterly Review of Biology 90, 327–328.
Review of ‘Biogeography of Australasia: a molecular analysis’ by Michael Heads.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Mayr E (1982) ‘The Growth of Biological Thought: Diversity, Evolution, and Inheritance.’ (Belknap Press: Cambridge, MA, USA)

Mayr G (2013) The age of the crown group of passerine birds and its evolutionary significance: molecular calibrations versus the fossil record. Systematics and Biodiversity 11, 7–13.
The age of the crown group of passerine birds and its evolutionary significance: molecular calibrations versus the fossil record.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Mazza P (2014) Pushing your luck. Review of ‘The monkey’s voyage,’ by A de Queiroz. Bioscience 64, 458–459.
Pushing your luck. Review of ‘The monkey’s voyage,’ by A de Queiroz.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

McAtee WL (1914) Birds transporting food supplies. The Auk 31, 404–405.
Birds transporting food supplies.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

McCarthy D (2003) The trans-Pacific zipper effect: disjunct sister taxa and matching geological outlines that link the Pacific margins. Journal of Biogeography 30, 1545–1561.
The trans-Pacific zipper effect: disjunct sister taxa and matching geological outlines that link the Pacific margins.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

McCarthy D (2005) Biogeography and scientific revolutions. The Systematist 25, 3–12.

McGlone MS (2005) Goodbye Gondwana. Journal of Biogeography 32, 739–740.
Goodbye Gondwana.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

McGlone MS (2015) Once more into the wilderness of panbiogeography: a reply to Heads (2014). Australian Systematic Botany 28, 388–393.
Once more into the wilderness of panbiogeography: a reply to Heads (2014).Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Measey GJ, Vences M, Drewes RC, Chiari Y, Melo M, Bourles B (2007) Freshwater paths across the ocean: molecular phylogeny of the frog Ptychadena newtoni gives insights into amphibian colonization of oceanic islands. Journal of Biogeography 34, 7–20.
Freshwater paths across the ocean: molecular phylogeny of the frog Ptychadena newtoni gives insights into amphibian colonization of oceanic islands.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Melville R (1981) Vicariance plant distributions and paleogeography of the Pacific region. In ‘Vicariance Biogeography: a Critique’. (Eds G Nelson, DE Rosen) pp. 238–274. (Columbia University Press: New York, NY, USA)

Meredith RW, Janečka JE, Gatesy J, Ryder OA, Fisher CA, Teeling EC, Goodbla A, Eizirik E, Simão TLL, Stadler T, Rabosky DL, Honeycutt RL, Flynn JJ, Ingram CM, Steiner C, Williams TL, Robinson TJ, Burk-Herrick A, Westerman M, Ayoub NA, Springer MS, Murphy WJ (2011) Impacts of the Cretaceous terrestrial revolution and KPg extinction on mammal diversification. Science 334, 521–524.
Impacts of the Cretaceous terrestrial revolution and KPg extinction on mammal diversification.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXhtlKjtrnF&md5=5171dae81e4c5ef6fb9d17e04f8c7fbcCAS |

Michalak I, Zhang L-B, Renner SS (2010) Trans-Atlantic, trans-Pacific and trans-Indian Ocean dispersal in the small Gondwanan Laurales family Hernandiaceae. Journal of Biogeography 37, 1214–1226.
Trans-Atlantic, trans-Pacific and trans-Indian Ocean dispersal in the small Gondwanan Laurales family Hernandiaceae.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Mitchell KJ, Llamas B, Soubrier J, Rawlence NJ, Worthy TH, Wood J, Lee MSY, Cooper A (2014a) Ancient DNA reveals elephant birds and kiwi are sister taxa and clarifies ratite bird evolution. Science 344, 898–900.
Ancient DNA reveals elephant birds and kiwi are sister taxa and clarifies ratite bird evolution.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2cXotlWht7c%3D&md5=27b3c4055b45d67d4666538aaf7ce7c2CAS |

Mitchell KJ, Wood JR, Scofield RP, Llamas B, Cooper A (2014b) Ancient mitochondrial genome reveals unsuspected taxonomic affinity of the extinct Chatham duck (Pachyanas chathamica) and resolves divergence times for New Zealand and sub-Antarctic brown teals. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 70, 420–428.
Ancient mitochondrial genome reveals unsuspected taxonomic affinity of the extinct Chatham duck (Pachyanas chathamica) and resolves divergence times for New Zealand and sub-Antarctic brown teals.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Morrone JJ (2015) Track analysis beyond panbiogeography. Journal of Biogeography 42, 413–425.
Track analysis beyond panbiogeography.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Mulcahy DG, Noonan BP, Moss T, Townsend TM, Reeder TW, Sites JW, Wiens JJ (2012) Estimating divergence dates and evaluating dating methods using phylogenomic and mitochondrial data in squamate reptiles. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 65, 974–991.
Estimating divergence dates and evaluating dating methods using phylogenomic and mitochondrial data in squamate reptiles.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Nagy ZT, Joger U, Wink M, Glaw F, Vences M (2003) Multiple colonization of Madagascar and Socotra by colubrid snakes: evidence from nuclear and mitochondrial gene phylogenies. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London – B. Biological Sciences 270, 2613–2621.
Multiple colonization of Madagascar and Socotra by colubrid snakes: evidence from nuclear and mitochondrial gene phylogenies.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Nathan R, Schurr FM, Spiegel O, Steinitz O, Trakhtenbrot A, Tsoar A (2008) Mechanisms of long-distance seed dispersal. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 23, 638–647.
Mechanisms of long-distance seed dispersal.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Near TJ, Sanderson MJ (2004) Assessing the quality of molecular divergence time estimates by fossil calibrations and fossil-based model selection. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London – B. Biological Sciences 359, 1477–1483.
Assessing the quality of molecular divergence time estimates by fossil calibrations and fossil-based model selection.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Nelson G (1975) Review of ‘Biogeography and ecology of New Zealand’ ed. by G. Kuschel. Systematic Zoology 24, 494–495.

Nelson G (2006) Hawaiian vicariance. Journal of Biogeography 33, 2154–2155.
Hawaiian vicariance.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Nelson G, Ladiges PY (2009) Biogeography and the molecular dating game: a futile revival of phenetics? Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 180, 39–43.
Biogeography and the molecular dating game: a futile revival of phenetics?Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Njome MS, de Wit MJ (2014) The Cameroon line: analysis of an intraplate magmatic province transecting both oceanic and continental lithospheres: constraints, controversies and models. Earth-Science Reviews 139, 168–194.
The Cameroon line: analysis of an intraplate magmatic province transecting both oceanic and continental lithospheres: constraints, controversies and models.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2cXhs1Ors7jE&md5=56c0976bccbc0a6ae5b601053b63c090CAS |

Nogales M, Heleno R, Traveset A, Vargas P (2012) Evidence for overlooked mechanisms of long-distance seed dispersal to and between oceanic islands. New Phytologist 194, 313–317.
Evidence for overlooked mechanisms of long-distance seed dispersal to and between oceanic islands.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Norell MA, Novacek MJ (1992) The fossil record and evolution: comparing cladistic and paleontologic evidence for vertebrate history. Science 255, 1690–1693.
The fossil record and evolution: comparing cladistic and paleontologic evidence for vertebrate history.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:STN:280:DC%2BC3cvitlersg%3D%3D&md5=210694b7fc2e87c416018299ab410cb0CAS |

O’Grady PM, Bennett GM, Funk VA, Altheide TK (2012) Retrograde biogeography: a review of Heads, M. 2012, Molecular panbiogeography of the tropics. Taxon 61, 702–705.

O’Leary M, Bloch JI, Flynn JJ, Gaudin TJ, Giallombardo A, Giannini NP, Goldberg SL, Kraatz BP, Luo Z-X, Meng J, Ni X, Novacek MJ, Perini FA, Randall ZS, Rougier GW, Sargis EJ, Silcox MT, Simmons NB, Spaulding M, Velazco PM, Weksler M, Wible JR, Cirranello AL (2013) The placental mammal ancestor and the post-K-Pg radiation of placentals. Science 339, 662–667.
The placental mammal ancestor and the post-K-Pg radiation of placentals.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3sXhvFOktrg%3D&md5=0e4764ec905deecd1775e6e0e674394aCAS |

Page RDM, Lydeard C (1994) Towards a cladistic interpretation of the Caribbean. Cladistics 10, 21–41.
Towards a cladistic interpretation of the Caribbean.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Parenti LR (2006) Common cause and historical biogeography. In ‘Biogeography in a Changing World’. (Eds MC Ebach, RS Tangney) pp. 61–82. (CRC Press: New York, NY, USA)

Parenti LR, Ebach MC (2013) Evidence and hypothesis in biogeography. Journal of Biogeography 40, 813–820.
Evidence and hypothesis in biogeography.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Parham JF, Donoghue PCJ, Bell CJ, Calway TD, Head JJ, Holroyd PA, Inoue JG, Irmis RB, Joyce WG, Ksepka DT, Patané JSL, Smith ND, Tarver JE, van Tuinen M, Yang Z, Angielczyk KD, Greenwood JM, Hipsley CA, Jacobs L, Makovicky PJ, Müller J, Smith KT, Theodor JM, Warnock RCM, Benton MJ (2012) Best practices for justifying fossil calibrations. Systematic Biology 61, 346–359.
Best practices for justifying fossil calibrations.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Perelman P, Johnson WE, Roos C, Seuánez HN, Horvath JE, Moreira MAM, Kessing B, Pontius J, Roelke M, Rumpler Y, Schneider MPC, Silva A, O’Brien SJ, Pecon-Slattery J (2011) A molecular phylogeny of living primates. PLOS Genetics 7, e1001342
A molecular phylogeny of living primates.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXktVWgsrY%3D&md5=7ce80bb65a88cf6383ffb1a2c689593dCAS |

Pole M (2008) The record of Araucariaceae macrofossils in New Zealand. Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology 32, 405–426.
The record of Araucariaceae macrofossils in New Zealand.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Poux C, Chevret P, Huchon D, de Jong WW, Douzery EJP (2006) Arrival and diversification of caviomorph rodents and platyrrhine primates in South America. Systematic Biology 55, 228–244.
Arrival and diversification of caviomorph rodents and platyrrhine primates in South America.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Pozzi L, Hodgson JA, Burrell AS, Sterner KN, Raaum RL, Disotell TR (2014) Primate phylogenetic relationships and divergence dates inferred from complete mitochondrial genomes. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 75, 165–183.
Primate phylogenetic relationships and divergence dates inferred from complete mitochondrial genomes.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Pramuk JB, Robertson T, Sites JW, Noonan BP (2008) Around the world in 10 million years: biogeography of the nearly cosmopolitan true toads (Anura: Bufonidae). Global Ecology and Biogeography 17, 72–83.
Around the world in 10 million years: biogeography of the nearly cosmopolitan true toads (Anura: Bufonidae).Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Price JP, Clague DA (2002) How old is the Hawaiian biota? Geology and phylogeny suggest recent divergence. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London – B. Biological Sciences 269, 2429–2435.
How old is the Hawaiian biota? Geology and phylogeny suggest recent divergence.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Proctor VW (1968) Long-distance dispersal of seeds by retention in digestive tract of birds. Science 160, 321–322.
Long-distance dispersal of seeds by retention in digestive tract of birds.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:STN:280:DyaF1c7mt1ahug%3D%3D&md5=10eb5a1c56a1fb3fc9818e4f1e3e1d72CAS |

Prum RO, Berv JS, Dornburg A, Field DJ, Townsend JP, Lemmon EM, Lemmon AR (2015) A comprehensive phylogeny of birds (Aves) using targeted next-generation DNA sequencing. Nature 526, 569–573.
A comprehensive phylogeny of birds (Aves) using targeted next-generation DNA sequencing.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2MXhslWitbzO&md5=569092b14343e8ce9fb6842d94324a6eCAS |

Pufal G, Garnock-Jones P (2010) Hygrochastic capsule dehiscence supports safe site strategies in New Zealand alpine Veronica (Plantaginaceae). Annals of Botany 106, 405–412.
Hygrochastic capsule dehiscence supports safe site strategies in New Zealand alpine Veronica (Plantaginaceae).Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Pyron RA (2010) A likelihood method for assessing molecular divergence time estimates and the placement of fossil calibrations. Systematic Biology 59, 185–194.
A likelihood method for assessing molecular divergence time estimates and the placement of fossil calibrations.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXis1aksrs%3D&md5=e776a574716ea0ebd125bf5d55cadc54CAS |

Pyron RA (2014) Biogeographic analysis reveals ancient continental vicariance and recent oceanic dispersal in amphibians. Systematic Biology 63, 779–797.
Biogeographic analysis reveals ancient continental vicariance and recent oceanic dispersal in amphibians.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Rassmann K (1997) Evolutionary age of the Galápagos iguanas predates the age of the present Galápagos islands. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 7, 158–172.
Evolutionary age of the Galápagos iguanas predates the age of the present Galápagos islands.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXivFentrc%3D&md5=f8198af9f04821a687421b0496992e5eCAS |

Raven PH, Axelrod DI (1972) Plate tectonics and Australasian paleobiogeography. Science 176, 1379–1386.
Plate tectonics and Australasian paleobiogeography.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:STN:280:DC%2BC3cvls1Cnsg%3D%3D&md5=adff3c5d3230c81edabfdfb792ce5628CAS |

Ree RH, Smith S (2008) Maximum likelihood inference of geographic range evolution by dispersal, local extinction, and cladogenesis. Systematic Biology 57, 4–14.
Maximum likelihood inference of geographic range evolution by dispersal, local extinction, and cladogenesis.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Renner SS (2004) Multiple Miocene Melastomataceae dispersal between Madagascar, Africa and India. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London – B. Biological Sciences 359, 1485–1494.
Multiple Miocene Melastomataceae dispersal between Madagascar, Africa and India.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Renner SS (2010) Review of ‘Comparative biogeography: discovering and classifying biogeographical patterns of a dynamic earth,’ by LR Parenti and MC Ebach. The Quarterly Review of Biology 85, 224
Review of ‘Comparative biogeography: discovering and classifying biogeographical patterns of a dynamic earth,’ by LR Parenti and MC Ebach.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Renner SS, Strijk JS, Strasberg D, Thébaud C (2010) Biogeography of the Monimiaceae (Laurales): a role for East Gondwana and long-distance dispersal, but not West Gondwana. Journal of Biogeography 37, 1227–1238.
Biogeography of the Monimiaceae (Laurales): a role for East Gondwana and long-distance dispersal, but not West Gondwana.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Ronquist F (1997) Dispersal–vicariance analysis: a new approach to the quantification of historical biogeography. Systematic Biology 46, 195–203.
Dispersal–vicariance analysis: a new approach to the quantification of historical biogeography.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Ronquist F, Sanmartín I (2011) Phylogenetic methods in biogeography. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution and Systematics 42, 441–464.
Phylogenetic methods in biogeography.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Ronquist F, Klopfstein S, Vilhelmsen L, Schulmeister S, Murray DL, Rasnitsyn AP (2012) A total-evidence approach to dating with fossils, applied to the early radiation of the Hymenoptera. Systematic Biology 61, 973–999.
A total-evidence approach to dating with fossils, applied to the early radiation of the Hymenoptera.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Rota-Stabelli O, Daley AC, Pisani D (2013) Molecular timetrees reveal a Cambrian colonization of land and a new scenario for ecdysozoan evolution. Current Biology 23, 392–398.
Molecular timetrees reveal a Cambrian colonization of land and a new scenario for ecdysozoan evolution.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3sXhvFWjuro%3D&md5=cffd13216406733fe3fa51d5b91e533bCAS |

Rowden AA, Clark MR, Wright IC (2005) Physical characterization and a biologically focused classification of ‘seamounts’ in the New Zealand region. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 39, 1039–1059.
Physical characterization and a biologically focused classification of ‘seamounts’ in the New Zealand region.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Roy T, Chang T-H, Lan T, Lindqvist C (2013) Phylogeny and biogeography of New World Stachydeae (Lamiaceae) with emphasis on the origin and diversification of Hawaiian and South American taxa. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 69, 218–238.
Phylogeny and biogeography of New World Stachydeae (Lamiaceae) with emphasis on the origin and diversification of Hawaiian and South American taxa.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3sXhtVOjsLjI&md5=7cbc6eb0ef6c1bb424d527fedc976e5eCAS |

Russo CAM, Mello B, Frazão A, Voloch CM (2013) Phylogenetic analysis and a time tree for a large drosophilid data set (Diptera: Drosophilidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 169, 765–775.
Phylogenetic analysis and a time tree for a large drosophilid data set (Diptera: Drosophilidae).Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Samonds KE, Godfrey LR, Ali JR, Goodman SM, Vences M, Sutherland MR, Irwin MT, Krause DW (2012) Spatial and temporal arrival patterns of Madagascar’s vertebrate fauna explained by distance, ocean currents, and ancestor type. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 109, 5352–5357.
Spatial and temporal arrival patterns of Madagascar’s vertebrate fauna explained by distance, ocean currents, and ancestor type.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38XlslOjs7Y%3D&md5=8d7798ef064f9c0c906719b8093d41d3CAS |

Sandwell DT, Müller RD, Smith WHF, Garcia E, Francis R (2014) New global marine gravity model from CryoSat-2 and Jason-1 reveals buried tectonic structure. Science 346, 65–67.
New global marine gravity model from CryoSat-2 and Jason-1 reveals buried tectonic structure.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2cXhs1CitL3L&md5=ebbd17ab482383447a94618b5847803cCAS |

Sanmartín I (2012) Historical biogeography: evolution in time and space. Evolution: Education and Outreach 5, 555–568.
Historical biogeography: evolution in time and space.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Schaefer H, Heibl C, Renner SS (2009) Gourds afloat: a dated phylogeny reveals an Asian origin of the gourd family (Cucurbitaceae) and numerous oversea dispersal events. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London – B. Biological Sciences 276, 843–851.
Gourds afloat: a dated phylogeny reveals an Asian origin of the gourd family (Cucurbitaceae) and numerous oversea dispersal events.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Schäferhoff B, Fleischmann A, Fischer E, Albach DC, Borsch T, Heubl G, Müller KF (2010) Towards resolving Lamiales relationships: insights from rapidly evolving chloroplast sequences. BMC Evolutionary Biology 10, 352
Towards resolving Lamiales relationships: insights from rapidly evolving chloroplast sequences.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Schweizer M, Seehausen O, Güntert M, Hertwig ST (2010) The evolutionary diversification of parrots supports a taxon pulse model with multiple trans-oceanic dispersal events and local radiations. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 54, 984–994.
The evolutionary diversification of parrots supports a taxon pulse model with multiple trans-oceanic dispersal events and local radiations.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Silvestro D, Cascales-Miñana B, Bacon CD, Antonelli A (2015) Revisiting the origin and diversification of vascular plants through a comprehensive Bayesian analysis of the fossil record. New Phytologist 207, 425–436.
Revisiting the origin and diversification of vascular plants through a comprehensive Bayesian analysis of the fossil record.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Simonsen TJ, Zakharov EV, Djernaes M, Cotton AM, Vane-Wright R, Sperling FA (2011) Phylogenetics and divergence times of Papilioninae (Lepidoptera) with special reference to the enigmatic genera Teinopalpus and Meandrusa. Cladistics 27, 113–137.
Phylogenetics and divergence times of Papilioninae (Lepidoptera) with special reference to the enigmatic genera Teinopalpus and Meandrusa.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Skipworth JP (1974) Continental drift and the New Zealand biota. New Zealand Journal of Geography 57, 1–13.
Continental drift and the New Zealand biota.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Smith AB, Pisani D, Mackenzie-Dodds JA, Stockley B, Webster BL, Littlewood DTJ (2006) Testing the molecular clock: molecular and paleontological estimates of divergence times in the Echinoidea (Echinodermata). Molecular Biology and Evolution 23, 1832–1851.
Testing the molecular clock: molecular and paleontological estimates of divergence times in the Echinoidea (Echinodermata).Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XhtVWgs73I&md5=ce9c92563098650100a17d411d32713fCAS |

Sohn J-C, Labandeira CC, Davis DR (2015) The fossil record and taphonomy of butterflies and moths (Insecta, Lepidoptera): implications for evolutionary diversity and divergence-time estimates. BMC Evolutionary Biology 15, 12
The fossil record and taphonomy of butterflies and moths (Insecta, Lepidoptera): implications for evolutionary diversity and divergence-time estimates.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Sousa WP (1993) Size-dependent predation on the salt-marsh snail Cerithidea californica Haldeman. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 166, 19–37.
Size-dependent predation on the salt-marsh snail Cerithidea californica Haldeman.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Springer MS, Meredith RW, Gatesy J, Emerling CA, Park J, Rabosky DL, Stadler T, Steiner C, Ryder OA, Janečka JE, Fisher CA, Murphy WJ (2012) Macroevolutionary dynamics and historical biogeography of primate diversification inferred from a species supermatrix. PLoS One 7, e49521
Macroevolutionary dynamics and historical biogeography of primate diversification inferred from a species supermatrix.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38XhvVShsrjF&md5=97d179eb68b8841f01bcd381b27692e4CAS |

Stelbrink B, Albrecht C, Hall R, von Rintelen T (2012) The biogeography of Sulawesi revisited: is there evidence for a vicariant origin of taxa on Wallace’s ‘anomalous island’? Evolution 66, 2252–2271.
The biogeography of Sulawesi revisited: is there evidence for a vicariant origin of taxa on Wallace’s ‘anomalous island’?Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Stilwell JD, Consoli CP (2012) Tectono-stratigraphic history of the Chatham Islands, SW Pacific: the emergence, flooding and reappearance of eastern ‘Zealandia’. Proceedings of the Geologists’ Association 123, 170–181.
Tectono-stratigraphic history of the Chatham Islands, SW Pacific: the emergence, flooding and reappearance of eastern ‘Zealandia’.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Stilwell JD, Consoli CP, Sutherland R, Salisbury S, Rich TH, Vickers-Rich PA, Currie PJ, Wilson GJ (2006) Dinosaur sanctuary on the Chatham Islands, Southwest Pacific: first record of theropods from the K-T boundary Takatika Grit. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 230, 243–250.
Dinosaur sanctuary on the Chatham Islands, Southwest Pacific: first record of theropods from the K-T boundary Takatika Grit.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Swenson U, Nylinder S, Wagstaff SJ (2012) Are Asteraceae 1.5 billion years old? A reply to Heads. Systematic Biology 61, 522–532.
Are Asteraceae 1.5 billion years old? A reply to Heads.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Templeton AR (2008) The reality and importance of founder speciation in evolution. BioEssays 30, 470–479.
The reality and importance of founder speciation in evolution.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Thiede J, Dean WE, Rea DK, Vallier TL, Adelseck CG (1981) The geologic history of the Mid-Pacific Mountains in the central North Pacific Ocean: a synthesis of deep-sea drilling studies. In ‘Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 62’. (Eds J Thiede, TL Vallier) pp. 1073–1120. (United States Government Printing Office: Washington, DC, USA)

Thomas N, Bruhl JJ, Ford A, Weston PH (2014) Molecular dating of Winteraceae reveals a complex biogeographical history involving both ancient Gondwanan vicariance and long-distance dispersal. Journal of Biogeography 41, 894–904.
Molecular dating of Winteraceae reveals a complex biogeographical history involving both ancient Gondwanan vicariance and long-distance dispersal.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Thornhill AH, Ho SYW, Külheim C, Crisp MD (2015) Interpreting the modern distribution of Myrtaceae using a dated molecular phylogeny. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 93, 29–43.
Interpreting the modern distribution of Myrtaceae using a dated molecular phylogeny.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Tolley KA, Townsend TM, Vences M (2013) Large-scale phylogeny of chameleons suggests African origins and Eocene diversification. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London – B. Biological Sciences 280, 20130184
Large-scale phylogeny of chameleons suggests African origins and Eocene diversification.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Torres-Carvajal O, Barnes CW, Pozo-Andrade MJ, Tapia W, Nicholls G (2014) Older than the islands: origin and diversification of Galápagos leaf-toed geckos (Phyllodactylidae: Phyllodactylus) by multiple colonizations. Journal of Biogeography 41, 1883–1894.
Older than the islands: origin and diversification of Galápagos leaf-toed geckos (Phyllodactylidae: Phyllodactylus) by multiple colonizations.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Trewick SA (2000) Molecular evidence for dispersal rather than vicariance as the origin of flightless insect species on the Chatham Islands, New Zealand. Journal of Biogeography 27, 1189–1200.
Molecular evidence for dispersal rather than vicariance as the origin of flightless insect species on the Chatham Islands, New Zealand.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Trewick SA, Gibb GC (2010) Vicars, tramps and assembly of the New Zealand avifauna: a review of molecular phylogenetic evidence. The Ibis 152, 226–253.
Vicars, tramps and assembly of the New Zealand avifauna: a review of molecular phylogenetic evidence.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Trewick SA, Wallis GP, Morgan-Richards M (2000) Phylogeographical pattern correlates with Pliocene mountain building in the alpine scree weta (Orthoptera, Anostostomatidae). Molecular Ecology 9, 657–666.
Phylogeographical pattern correlates with Pliocene mountain building in the alpine scree weta (Orthoptera, Anostostomatidae).Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3czgslGjtQ%3D%3D&md5=6304f19df2097624f57f392c7c3dbc38CAS |

Vallier TL, Dean WE, Rea DK, Thiede J (1983) Geologic evolution of Hess Rise, central North Pacific Ocean. Geological Society of America Bulletin 94, 1289–1307.
Geologic evolution of Hess Rise, central North Pacific Ocean.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaL3sXls1Wkt78%3D&md5=11676f69b85d4e2afa2ed790ae50ba5aCAS |

Van Duzer C (2004) ‘Floating Islands: a Global Bibliography.’ (Cantor: Los Altos Hills, CA, USA)

van Leeuwen CHA, van der Velde G, van Lith B, Klaassen M (2012) Experimental quantification of long distance dispersal potential of aquatic snails in the gut of migratory birds. PLoS One 7, e32292
Experimental quantification of long distance dispersal potential of aquatic snails in the gut of migratory birds.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38XktVOms78%3D&md5=13b2384582fae5643b49982c44d8facfCAS |

Vences M, Vieites DR, Glaw F, Brinkmann H, Kosuch J, Veith M, Meyer A (2003) Multiple overseas dispersal in amphibians. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London – B. Biological Sciences 270, 2435–2442.
Multiple overseas dispersal in amphibians.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Viana DS, Santamaría L, Michot TC, Figuerola J (2013) Allometric scaling of long-distance seed dispersal by migratory birds. American Naturalist 181, 649–662.
Allometric scaling of long-distance seed dispersal by migratory birds.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Viana DS, Gangoso L, Bouten W, Figuerola J (2016) Overseas seed dispersal by migratory birds. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London – B. Biological Sciences 283, 20152406
Overseas seed dispersal by migratory birds.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Vidal N, Marin J, Morini M, Donnellan S, Branch WR, Thomas R, Vences M, Wynn A, Cruaud C, Hedges SB (2010) Blindsnake evolutionary tree reveals long history on Gondwana. Biology Letters 6, 558–561.
Blindsnake evolutionary tree reveals long history on Gondwana.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Warnock RCM, Parham JF, Joyce WG, Lyson TR, Donoghue PCJ (2014) Calibration uncertainty in molecular dating analyses: there is no substitute for the prior evaluation of time priors. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London – B. Biological Sciences 282, 20141013
Calibration uncertainty in molecular dating analyses: there is no substitute for the prior evaluation of time priors.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Waters JM, Craw D (2006) Goodbye Gondwana? New Zealand biogeography, geology, and the problem of circularity. Systematic Biology 55, 351–356.
Goodbye Gondwana? New Zealand biogeography, geology, and the problem of circularity.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Waters JM, Trewick SA, Paterson AM, Spencer HG, Kennedy M, Craw D, Burridge CP, Wallis GP (2013) Biogeography off the tracks. Systematic Biology 62, 494–498.
Biogeography off the tracks.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Wen J, Ree RH, Ickert-Bond SM, Nie Z, Funk V (2013) Biogeography: where do we go from here? Taxon 62, 912–927.
Biogeography: where do we go from here?Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Wilf P, Escapa IH (2015) Green Web or megabiased clock? Plant fossils from Gondwanan Patagonia speak on evolutionary radiations. New Phytologist 207, 283–290.
Green Web or megabiased clock? Plant fossils from Gondwanan Patagonia speak on evolutionary radiations.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Wilkinson RD, Steiper ME, Soligo C, Martin RD, Yang Z, Tavaré S (2011) Dating primate divergences through an integrated analysis of palaeontological and molecular data. Systematic Biology 60, 16–31.
Dating primate divergences through an integrated analysis of palaeontological and molecular data.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXhsFGru7%2FN&md5=6b4e6050cd5de5a04d4c7f2d514b2b34CAS |

Wills MA (2002) The tree of life and the rock of ages: are we getting better at estimating phylogeny? BioEssays 24, 203–207.
The tree of life and the rock of ages: are we getting better at estimating phylogeny?Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Winkworth RC, Wagstaff SJ, Glenny D, Lockhart PJ (2002) Plant dispersal NEWS from New Zealand. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 17, 514–520.
Plant dispersal NEWS from New Zealand.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Wirtz P, Ferreira CEL, Floeter SR, Fricke R, Gasparini JL, Iwamoto T, Rocha L, Sampaio CLS, Schleiwen UK (2007) Coastal fishes of São Tomé and Príncipe islands, Gulf of Guinea (eastern Atlantic Ocean): an update. Zootaxa 1523, 1–48.

Yang Z, Rannala B (2006) Bayesian estimation of species divergence times under a molecular clock using multiple fossil calibrations with soft bounds. Molecular Biology and Evolution 23, 212–226.
Bayesian estimation of species divergence times under a molecular clock using multiple fossil calibrations with soft bounds.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXhtleqtLnI&md5=43db2d0c577f1695187483721d587940CAS |

Yoder AD, Nowak MD (2006) Has vicariance or dispersal been the predominant biogeographic force in Madagascar? Only time will tell. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution and Systematics 37, 405–431.
Has vicariance or dispersal been the predominant biogeographic force in Madagascar? Only time will tell.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Zeng L, Zhang Q, Sun R, Kong H, Zhang N, Ma H (2014) Resolution of deep angiosperm phylogeny using conserved nuclear genes and estimates of early divergence times. Nature Communications 5, 4956
Resolution of deep angiosperm phylogeny using conserved nuclear genes and estimates of early divergence times.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2cXitVShsb%2FP&md5=09a3efd1d81ab60831ac5e2d65055882CAS |

Zhang P, Wake MH (2009) A mitogenomic perspective on the phylogeny and biogeography of living caecilians (Amphibia: Gymnophiona). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 53, 479–491.
A mitogenomic perspective on the phylogeny and biogeography of living caecilians (Amphibia: Gymnophiona).Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXhtVKls7bP&md5=3dbce18a933ad6d3661c12e31f2e64f6CAS |

Ziegler T, Abegg C, Meijaard E, Perwitasari-Farajallah D, Walter L, Hodges JK, Roos C (2007) Molecular phylogeny and evolutionary history of Southeast Asian macaques forming the M. silenus group. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 42, 807–816.
Molecular phylogeny and evolutionary history of Southeast Asian macaques forming the M. silenus group.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXisVCnsLg%3D&md5=becaeb589b5a7439fefb594528cd91aeCAS |

Zimkus BM, Rödel M-O, Hillers A (2010) Complex patterns of continental speciation: molecular phylogenetics and biogeography of sub-Saharan puddle frogs (Phrynobatrachus). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 55, 883–900.
Complex patterns of continental speciation: molecular phylogenetics and biogeography of sub-Saharan puddle frogs (Phrynobatrachus).Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Zimmerman EC (1947) ‘Insects of Hawaii. Vol. 1. Introduction.’ (University of Hawaii Press: Honolulu, HI, USA)