Acknowledgements
Initial discovery of N. paludigena occurred during a project funded by the River Murray Catchment Water Management Board. Thanks go to Mardi van der Weilen and Dr Kerry Muller for seed-bank collections and facilitation of this project. Funds for this taxonomic study were provided through the Goolwa to Wellington Local Action Planning Group, facilitated by Jennie Dale. The field assistance of Tim Vale (from the Southern Mt Lofty Emu-wren Recovery Program), Jennie Dale and Mardi van der Weilen in Strathalbyn, and assistance from Robyn Barker and Bryan Womersley at the State Herbarium of South Australia, Simon Crawford at the Melbourne University EM Unit, and Catherine Gallagher and Pina Milne at the National Herbarium of Victoria is greatly appreciated. Thanks go to Drs Stephen Skinner and Peter Wilson for assistance with the Latin diagnosis.
References
Braun A
(1843) Charae Preissianae adiectis reliquis speciebus e Nova Hollandia hucusque cognitis. Linnaea 17, 113–119.
Braun A
(1849) Charae australies antarcticae, or characters and observations on the Characeae of Australia and the southern circumpolar regions. Hooker’s Journal of Botany and Kew Garden Miscellany 1, 193–203.
Braun A
(1852) Characeae. FL von Schlechtendal Plantae Mullerianae Linnaea 25, 704–709.
Braun
A
(1860) Characeae. In ‘The Botany of the Antarctic voyage. III. Flora Tasmaniae Vol. 2’. (Ed. JD Hooker) pp. 159–160. (Lovell Reeve: London)
Braun A, Nordstedt CFO
(1882) Fragmente einer Monographie der Characeen. Nach den hinterlassenen Manuscripten. A. Braun’s. Abhandlungen d. k. Akademie d. Wissenschaften zu Berlin 1882, 1–211.
Brock MA,
Theodore KA, O’Donnell L
(1994) Seed bank methods for Australian wetlands. Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 45, 483–493.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Casanova MT
(1991) An SEM study of developmental variation in oospore wall ornamentation of three Nitella species in Australia. Phycologia 30, 237–242.
Casanova MT
(1993) The ecology of charophytes in temporary and permanent wetlands: an Australian perspective. PhD Thesis, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia. ,
Casanova MT
(1997) Oospore variation in three species of Chara (Charales Chlorophyta). Phycologia 36, 274–280.
Casanova
MT
(2004) A census of submerged plants in the Angas River and Tookayerta Creek Catchments. Unpublished report to the River Murray Water Catchment Management Board, Berri, South Australia.
Casanova MT
(2005) An overview of Chara in Australia (Characeae, Charophyta). Australian Systematic Botany 18, 25–39.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Casanova MT
(2007) Typification and circumscription of Nitella sonderi (Characeae, Charophyta) Australian Systematic Botany 20, 464–472.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Casanova
MT
,
Dugdale
AM
(2004) Structure and diversity in deep-water charophyte communities in Australia. In ‘Proceedings of the 4th International Congress on Extant and Fossil Charophytes in Robertson (NSW Australia)’. September–October 2004. (Ed. A. Garcia) (University of Wollongong: Wollongong)
Casanova MT,
García A, Feist M
(2003a) The ecology and conservation of Lychnothamnus barbatus.
Acta Micropalaeontologica Sinica 20, 118–128.
Casanova MT,
García A, Porter JL
(2003b) Charophyte rediscoveries in Australia: what and why? Acta Micropalaeontologica Sinica 20, 129–138.
Casanova MT,
de Winton MD,
Karol KG, Clayton JS
(2007)
Nitella hookeri A. Braun (Characeae, Charophyta) in New Zealand and Australia: implications for endemism, speciation and biogeography. Charophytes [] 1, 2–18.
Crawford SA,
Higgins MJ,
Mulvaney P, Wetherbee R
(2001) Nanostructure of the diatom frustule as revealed by atomic force and scanning electron microscopy. Journal of Phycology 37, 543–554.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
García A
(1996)
Nitella ignescens sp. nov. and N. ungula sp. nov. (Charales Charophyta) from Australia. Phycologia 37, 53–59.
García A, Casanova MT
(2004)
Lamprothamnium heraldii sp. nov. the first dioecious representative of the genus. Phycologia 42, 622–628.
Groves J, Allen GO
(1935) A review of the Queensland Charophyta. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland 46, 34–59.
Hotchkiss AT, Imahori K
(1988a) A new species of Nitella (Characeae) belonging to the pluricellulate species group in Australia. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 110, 175–185.
Hotchkiss AT, Imahori K
(1988b) Additional observations on Nitella verticillata (Characeae) from a new locality in NSW. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 110, 187–191.
John DM, Moore JA
(1987) An SEM study of the oospores of some Nitella species (Charales, Chlorophyta) with descriptions of wall ornamentation and an assessment of its taxonomic importance. Phycologia 26, 334–355.
Karol
KG
(2004) Phylogenetic studies of the Charales: the closest living relatives of land plants. PhD Thesis, University of Maryland, USA.
Leitch AR,
John DM, Moore JA
(1990) The oosporangium of the Characeae (Chlorophyta, Charales). Progress in Phycological Research 7, 213–268.
Mandal DK, Ray S
(2004) SEM studies of the oospore wall in some taxa of the genus Nitella Ag (Charales, Chlorophyta). Phytomorphology 54, 175–184.
Nordstedt CFO
(1888) Einige Characeenbestimmungen. Hedwigia 7, 181–196.
Nordstedt CFO
(1889) De Algis et Characeis. Acta Universitatis Lundensis. Sectio I, Theologica, Juridica, Humaniora 25, 24.
Nordstedt
CFO
(1891) Australasian Characeae, described and figured. Part 1 (Lund).
Pal
BP
,
Kundu
BC
,
Sundralingham
VS
,
Venkataraman
GS
(1962) Charophyta. Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi.
Proctor VW
(1975) The nature of charophyte species. Phycologia 14, 97–113.
Sakayama H,
Nozaki H,
Kasaki H, Hara Y
(2002) Taxonomic re-examination of Nitella (Charales Charophyceae) from Japan based on microscopical studies of oospore wall ornamentation and rbcL gene sequences. Phycologia 41, 397–408.
Sakayama H,
Hara Y, Nozaki H
(2004) Taxonomic re-examination of six species of Nitella (Charales, Charophyceae) from Asia, and phylogenetic relationships within the genus based on rbcL and atpB gene sequences. Phycologia 43, 91–104.
Sakayama H,
Miyaji K,
Nagumo T,
Kato M,
Hara Y, Nozaki H
(2005) Taxonomic reexamination of 17 species of Nitella subgenus Tieffallenia (Charales, Charophyceae) based on internal morphology of the oospore wall and multiple DNA marker sequences. Journal of Phycology 41, 195–211.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Schult
J
,
Townsend
S
,
Douglas
M
,
Webster
I
,
Skinner
S
,
Casanova
MT
(2006) Monitoring and Managing Nutrients in the Daly River. Department of Natural Resources, Environment and the Arts, Darwin, NT.
van Raam
JC
(1995) ‘The Characeae of Tasmania.’ (J Cramer: Berlin)
Williams MB
(1959) A revision of Nitella cristata Braun (Characeae) and its allies. Part II. Taxonomy. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 84, 346–356.
Wood RD
(1962) New combinations and taxa in the revision of Characeae. Taxon 11, 7–25.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Wood
RD
(1965) Monograph of the Characeae. Vol. 1. In ‘A revision of the Characeae’. (Eds RD Wood, KI Imahori) (Cramer: Weinheim)
Wood
RD
(1972) ‘Characeae of Australia.’ (Cramer: Lehre)
Wood
RD
,
Imahori
K
(1964) Iconograph of the Characeae. Vol. 2. In ‘A revision of the Characeae’. (Eds RD Wood, KI Imahori) (Cramer: Weinheim)
Appendix 1. List of monoecious species from outside Australia examined for comparison with Nitella paludigena M.T. Casanova & K. G. Karol, sp. nov.
LM refers to light microscopy, SEM refers to images obtained with the scanning electron microscope
|
Figs A1, A2. Nitella asagrayana Schaffn. ex Nordst. in A. Braun & Nordst. = N. gracilis subsp. gloeostachys var. asagrayana f. asagrayana (Wood 1965, p640). Fig. A1. Whole oospore, showing fibrous wall and smooth flanges. Scale bar = 100 µm. Fig. A2. Detail of oospore wall and flange. Scale bar = 5 µm.
|
Figs A3, A4. Nitella leibergii T.F. Allen = N. gracilis subsp. gracilis var. leibergii (Wood 1965, p612). Fig. A3. Whole oospore, showing fibrous wall and smooth flanges. Scale bar = 100 µm. Fig. A4. Detail of oospore wall. Scale bar = 5 µm.
|
Figs A5, A6. Nitella morongii T.F. Allen = N. gracilis subsp. gloeostachys var. asagrayana f. morongii (Wood 1965, p641). Fig. A5. Whole oospore, showing fibrous fossa wall, with fibrous flanges on the striae. Scale bar = 100 µm. Fig. A6. Detail of oospore wall showing densely fibrous construction. Scale bar = 5 µm.
|
Figs A7, A8. Nitella maxceana T.F. Allen N. gracilis subsp. gloeostachys var. asagrayana f. morongii (Wood 1965, p641). Fig. A7. Whole oospore, showing fibrous wall and very large, smooth flanges. Scale bar = 100 µm. Fig. A8. Detail of oospore wall. Scale bar = 5 µm.
|
Figs A9, A10. Nitella pusilla Imahori = N. pseudoflabellata subsp. pseudoflabellata var. pusilla (Wood 1965, p591). Fig. A9. Whole oospore, showing smooth wall and low flanges. Scale bar = 100 µm. Fig. A10. Detail of finely fibrous (‘felted’) oospore wall. Scale bar = 20 µm.
|
Figs A11, A12. Nitella tenuissima (Desv.) Kütz., em R.D. Wood = N. tenuissima subsp. tenuissima var. tenuissima f. tenuissima (Wood 1965, p551). Fig. A11. Whole oospore, showing fibrous wall and large flanges. Scale bar = 100 µm. Fig. A12. Detail of oospore wall. Scale bar = 20 µm.
|
Figs A13, A14. Nitella wattii J. Groves = N. pseudoflabellata subsp. pseudoflabellata var. imperialis f. wattii (Wood 1965, p 588). Fig. A13. Whole oospore, showing smooth wall and low flanges. Scale bar = 100 µm. Fig. A14. Detail of oospore wall. Scale bar = 20 µm.
|
