Big trees of small baskets: phylogeny of the Australian genus Spyridium (Rhamnaceae: Pomaderreae), focusing on biogeographic patterns and species circumscriptions
Catherine Clowes
A * , Rachael M. Fowler A , Patrick S. Fahey A , Jürgen Kellermann B C , Gillian K. Brown D and Michael J. Bayly A
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A School of Biosciences, The University of Melbourne, Vic. 3010, Australia.
B State Herbarium of South Australia, Botanic Gardens and State Herbarium, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
C School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
D Department of Environment and Science, Queensland Herbarium, Toowong, Qld 4066, Australia.
Australian Systematic Botany 35(2) 95-119 https://doi.org/10.1071/SB21034
Submitted: 29 September 2021 Accepted: 10 March 2022 Published: 18 May 2022
© 2022 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND)
Abstract
Spyridium Fenzl is a genus of ~45 species endemic to south-western and south-eastern Australia. This study provides the most comprehensive phylogenies of Spyridium to date, analysing both entire chloroplast genomes and the nuclear ribosomal array (18S–5.8S–26S). There was substantial incongruence between the chloroplast and nuclear phylogenies, creating phylogenetic uncertainty, but some clear relationships and biogeographic patterns could be established. Analyses support the monophyly of Spyridium, identifying an early east–west split at the base of the nuclear phylogeny and deep divergences of New South Wales and Tasmanian endemic clades. We also found evidence of more recent dispersal events between eastern and western Australia and between Tasmania and the mainland. Eleven taxa were found to be monophyletic in the nrDNA phylogeny and two were clearly polyphyletic (S. eriocephalum Fenzl and S. phylicoides Reissek). Although the polyphyly of S. eriocephalum correlates with the two varieties, suggesting distinct taxa, further research is required on S. phylicoides.
Keywords: biogeography, chloroplast genome, molecular phylogeny, next-generation sequencing, nuclear ribosomal DNA, Rhamnaceae, species delimitation, Spyridium.
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