The largest endemic genus in New Caledonia grows: three new species of Pycnandra (Sapotaceae) restricted to ultramafic substrate with updated subgeneric keys
Ulf Swenson
A E , Jérôme Munzinger B , Stephan Nylinder C and Gildas Gâteblé D
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Department of Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Svante Arrhenius Väg 3, SE-114 18 Stockholm, Sweden.
B AMAP, Université Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, F-34000, France.
C Department of Psychology, Gothenburg University, Box 500, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden.
D Institut Agronomique Néo-Calédonien, Equipe ARBOREAL, BP 711, 98810 Mont-Dore, New Caledonia.
E Corresponding author. Email: ulf.swenson@nrm.se
Australian Systematic Botany 34(5) 510-525 https://doi.org/10.1071/SB21006
Submitted: 23 February 2021 Accepted: 9 July 2021 Published: 11 August 2021
Abstract
Pycnandra Benth., a member of subfamily Chrysophylloideae (Sapotaceae), is the largest endemic genus in New Caledonia and is subdivided into six subgenera. It circumscribes 59 species, plus an additional three described here, and nine additional species that remain undescribed for various reasons. We here use nrDNA data of ETS, ITS, and RPB2, analyse it within a Bayesian framework using BEAST, and place the new species in their respective subgenera. Pycnandra perplexa Swenson & Gâteblé is placed in subgenus Achradotypus and given a preliminary IUCN Red List assessment of Near Threatened (NT). It is confined to the ultramafic massif of southern Grande Terre and separated from the similar species P. griseosepala Vink, which is confined to non-ultramafic mountains north of the large southern ultramafic plateau. Pycnandra kopetoensis Munzinger & Swenson and P. margueriteae Munzinger & Swenson are two new micro-endemic species known only from their type localities, where habitats have been destroyed by deforestation, deliberate fires and mining activities. Pycnandra kopetoensis is named after Mount Kopéto, placed in subgenus Leptostylis, and given a preliminary assessment as Critically Endangered (CR). Pycnandra margueriteae is from a small remnant forest near Bourail and categorised as Critically Endangered (CR). Revised identification keys for subgenus Achradotypus, Leptostylis and Pycnandra are provided.
Keywords: BEAST, micro-endemic, nrDNA, Nagoya Protocol, phylogeny, Red List assessments.
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