Facile one-step synthesis of gold nanoparticles using Viscum album and evaluation of their antibacterial potential
Muhammad Ishaq A , Muhammad Numan A , Umar Zeb B C * , Fengjie Cui C , Salma Shad D , Syed Adil Hayat A , Azizullah Azizullah B , Imad Uddin D , Muzaffar Iqbal D , Fazli Rahim A , Naeem Khan E , Kotb A. Attia
F and Sajid Fiaz G *
A Department of Botany, Bacha Khan University, Charsadda, KPK 24631, Pakistan.
B Faculty of Biological & Biomedical Sciences, Department of Biology, The University of Haripur, Haripur, KPK 22620, Pakistan.
C School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China.
D Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, The University of Haripur, Haripur, KPK 22620, Pakistan.
E Department of Agronomy, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Florida University, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
F Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
G Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22620, Pakistan.
Functional Plant Biology 50(11) 955-964 https://doi.org/10.1071/FP22161
Submitted: 14 June 2022 Accepted: 29 September 2022 Published: 10 May 2023
Abstract
Nanostructure gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) are well-known biological active materials, synthesised under different environment-friendly approaches that has gained significant interest in the field of biomedicine. This study investigated a novel, fast, easy, cost-effective and the eco-friendly method to synthesise Au NPs from mediated Viscum album Linn plant extract, where the plant metabolites act as stabilising and reducing agents. The synthesised Au NPs were analysed by UV/Vis spectroscopy that gave strong signals and a sharp absorption peak at 545 nm due to the presence of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) bands. In addition, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) showed that strong signals of Au NPs appeared at 9.7 and 2.3 keV, as the rays of light passed. X-ray diffraction recognised the crystalline material and provided information on the cell unit that the synthesised Au NPs are face-centreed cubic in structure. The diffraction of X-ray spectra showed intense peaks at 38.44°, 44.7°, 44.9° and 77.8°. The mediated V. album plant extracts and synthesised Au NPs were screened against gram-positive and gram-negative (Enterobacter, Salmonella typhi, Escheria coli and Bacillus subtilis) bacterial strains, confirming their antibacterial potential. Au NPs showed strong antibacterial activity due to its unique steric configuration. Au NPs damaged bacterial cell membrane leading to the leakage of the cytoplasm and death of the cell.
Keywords: antibacterial activity, antibacterial potential, Au NPs, cytotoxicity, EDX, SEM, UV-Visual spectral analysis, Viscum album Linn.
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