Unravelling the physiological basis of salinity stress tolerance in cultivated and wild rice species
Babar Shahzad A , Ping Yun
A , Lana Shabala A , Meixue Zhou A , Gothandapani Sellamuthu B C , Gayatri Venkataraman B , Zhong-Hua Chen D and Sergey Shabala A E *
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tas. 7001, Australia.
B Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, M. S. Swaminathan Research Foundation, III Cross Street, Taramani Institutional Area, Chennai 600113, India.
C Forest Molecular Entomology Laboratory, Excellent Team for Mitigation (ETM), Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague 16500, Czech Republic.
D School of Science, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia.
E International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China.
Functional Plant Biology 49(4) 351-364 https://doi.org/10.1071/FP21336
Submitted: 18 November 2021 Accepted: 24 January 2022 Published: 22 February 2022
© 2022 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND)
Abstract
Wild rice species provide a rich source of genetic diversity for possible introgression of salinity stress tolerance in cultivated rice. We investigated the physiological basis of salinity stress tolerance in Oryza species by using six rice genotypes (Oryza sativa L.) and four wild rice species. Three weeks of salinity treatment significantly (P < 0.05) reduced physiological and growth indices of all cultivated and wild rice lines. However, the impact of salinity-induced growth reduction differed substantially among accessions. Salt tolerant accessions showed better control over gas exchange properties, exhibited higher tissue tolerance, and retained higher potassium ion content despite higher sodium ion accumulation in leaves. Wild rice species showed relatively lower and steadier xylem sap sodium ion content over the period of 3 weeks analysed, suggesting better control over ionic sodium xylem loading and its delivery to shoots with efficient vacuolar sodium ion sequestration. Contrary to this, saline sensitive genotypes managed to avoid initial Na+ loading but failed to accomplish this in the long term and showed higher sap sodium ion content. Conclusively, our results suggest that wild rice genotypes have more efficient control over xylem sodium ion loading, rely on tissue tolerance mechanisms and allow for a rapid osmotic adjustment by using sodium ions as cheap osmoticum for osmoregulation.
Keywords: chlorophyll content, Na+ sequestration, osmoregulation, salinity stress tolerance, stomata, tissue tolerance, wild rice, xylem ion loading.
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